Surrogacy Traditional And Gestational Surrogacy

Surrogacy is arrangement in which a woman is hired to carry and give birth to a child who will then be given to another couple or person. The child is usually related to the birth mother, but in some cases, may be related to the surrogate mother. Maria Trimarchi (2008) from a health article on infertility, informs readers of the â€Å"two types of surrogacy: traditional and gestational†. With traditional surrogacy, the surrogate mother s egg is utilized and then fertilized and this makes her the genetic mother of the child. In gestational surrogacy, the egg is provided by the intended mother or a donor (Trimarchi, 2008). The egg is fertilized through In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and then placed inside the surrogate mother (Cheung, 2014).†¦show more content†¦A woman battling Crohn’s disease had â€Å"frozen embryos created with her eggs and a friend s sperm [which] were implanted in a surrogate† because she did not want to risk carrying a child (Cohen, 2013). Carrying a child could have negatively affected her and the child’s health if she were to become pregnant and could have proven to be fatal. This process can be used for men who have cancer and want to have children in the future, whether it is by themselves or with a partner. This is the only way for couples to have biological children of their own, especially for couples where one partner is sick and could possibly be infertile. Surrogacy not only helps infertile men and women, but has also been helpful to homosexual couples because they face physical barriers that do not allow these couples to bear biological children. A child can only be conceived when opposite sex cells combine and because homosexual couples have the same sex cells they are not able to have a child. One clinic in Los Angeles was created to help these couples find surrogate mothers and was â€Å"responsible for over 300 births† for gay couples in 2005 (Bellafante, 2005). However, in certain countries gay rights have not been granted because it contradicts the religion of the country. In India, gay marriages are not legally recognized by the government, so gay couples there are not allowed to pursue surrogacy. Thailand’s government has been known to be moreShow MoreRelatedTraditional Surrogacy And Gestational Surrogacy1381 Words   |  6 PagesHOW Surrogacy is the arrangement of a birth of a child when the parents are not actually childbearing. This involves a legal agreement between the surrogate and parents, that puts the child under the care of the parents immediately after birth. The surrogate has no legal ties to the baby and formally renounces her rights as a parent to the child. There are many different types of surrogacy and ways in which one can do this procedure. Traditional surrogacy and gestational surrogacy are two of theRead MoreThe Role Of Traditional And Gestational Surrogacy1212 Words   |  5 Pagestypes of surrogacy, which are traditional and gestational surrogacy. Traditional surrogacy is defined as the â€Å"sperm from either the couple’s male partner or a donor is used to artificially inseminate the surrogate (the â€Å"surrogate mother†). (Vaughn, 398) Then there is Gestational surrogacy, which is defined as â€Å"the surrogate receives a transferred embryo created through IVF using the sperm and egg of others (the contracting couple of donors). Because the gestational (also called the gestational carrier)Read MoreModern Surrogacy: Choosing between Traditional or Gestational1193 Words   |  5 Pagesand Sarah have a child by Sarah’s maidservant Hagar (NIV Genesis 16:1-4). So surrogacy in its most basic form—a woman birthing a child for another person of couple—is not a new concept. However, it is prohibited or void and unenforceable in five states. What is it about modern surrogacy that do people not like? What even is modern surrogacy? There are two types of surrogacy: traditional and gestational. Traditional surrogacy is a contractual situation in which a woman becomes impregnated, by artificialRead MoreEssay on Surrogate Motherhood912 Words   |  4 Pagesof surrogacy, traditional and gestational. The traditional type of surrogacy involves the surrogate mother being (AI) artificially inseminated with the sperm of the intended father or spe rm from a donor when the sperm count is low. In either case the surrogate’s own egg will be used. Genetically the surrogate becomes the mother of the resulting child (Storey). Although there are two different types of surrogacy, a traditional surrogacy is rarely seen or done anymore. In gestational surrogacy, theRead MoreShould Parenthood Be Legal?1133 Words   |  5 Pagesof conceiving and/or carrying a child. Couples have a few options if pregnancy continues to be a struggle. Surrogacy, a controversial but yet popular alternative, allows people to have their dreams come true at a costly rate. Although many alternatives for pregnancy do exist, many people in the world today choose surrogacy as their best bet. According to Surrogate Mothers Online, surrogacy is the process when a woman â€Å"carries a child from someone else, usually an infertile couple† (Jenn Z 1). ThisRead MoreThe Legal Consent Of Gestational Surrogacy1162 Words   |  5 Pagescontract of surrogacy†? Based on the legal binding gestational surrogacy contract. The Merits At issue in this petition is whether the determination by the trial court, should the child be turned over to Julie Williams. In light, of this judgement solely based on prior gestational agreement forms, Julie Williams is requesting that the decision be overturned and the surrogate turn over the child. Currently there are several federal statutes governing the disposition of gestational surrogacy. ThereRead MoreSurrogacy Tragically, many women who want to have children, simply cannot. The women who decide1800 Words   |  8 PagesSurrogacy Tragically, many women who want to have children, simply cannot. The women who decide that they still want children generally are left with two different options: adoptions or surrogacy. Those who want to have a biological connection to one, or both, parents, sometimes turn to surrogacy as an alternative to surrogacy (Glazer 98). What is surrogacy? Surrogacy is the process by which a woman carries a child conceived (through donor insemination or in virto fertilization (IVF)) with herRead MoreIndia: A Destination for International Surrogacy Essay793 Words   |  4 PagesCOMMERCIAL SURROGACY SUB THEME INDIA: A DESTINATION FOR INTERNATIONAL SURROGACY DEFINATIONS To understand any topic in full, its necessary to know the meanings of the terms related to it. Hence the paper will start with definitions of the terms of the sub theme. It will help and enhance better understanding of the topic. INDIA is a country which is at the centre of commercial surrogacy. Surrogacy happens in a lot of other countries but not at such a commercial level. It has almostRead MoreSurrogacy And The Adoption Of The Surrogate1648 Words   |  7 PagesQ1) As a doctor how would you deconstruct the concept of surrogacy for our readers who may want to go in for the option? Please elucidate with two different types of surrogacy etc A1) Surrogacy is a process in which a woman carries and delivers a baby for someone else because of some problems involving the intended parents. The women who delivers is the gestational surrogate or carrier. The parents are called as â€Å"intended parents†. They are fully involved in the pregnancy, present at birth and becomeRead MoreThe Cause and Effects of Surrogate Mother1680 Words   |  7 Pageschoose to be surrogate mothers are poverty and kind human being, and its result in physical and mental effects to the surrogate mother. II. Surrogacy is often done or committed is because of poverty. A. Effects of poverty 1. Hunger 2. Sickness B. Surrogacy is becoming a growing business. 1. Earn more money in order to overcome their hardship III. Surrogacy is being done by people. A. Help relative that could not reproduce offspring 1. Strengthen the bonds between family members B. Surrogate

My Lai †Culpability of Guilt Free Essays

Series Vietnam: A Television History.   The solider was describing the reasons why the American soldiers turned on the civilians whom they were sent to protect during the Vietnam War. The same soldier would start sobbing uncontrollably as he would go on to state, â€Å"You don’t remember the enemy that you shot and killed. We will write a custom essay sample on My Lai – Culpability of Guilt or any similar topic only for you Order Now But you always remember the 58 year old woman you shot and killed because she was running away. And she was running away because you were threatening to shoot her.† The Vietnam War was no more ugly than any other war in history, but it was the first war that had aired uncensored on American television. This time, there would be no illusory tales of grandeur that would put mythic heroics onto the exploits after they war came to a close. The blood of the Vietnam War had been captured for eternity. â€Å"Although popular sentiment among the lower classes for the [North Vietnamese Army] was not strong, there was still a great desire for independence.† (Morrison 17) This is not to say there were no noble intentions or heroic actions. Many Americans served their country honorably and in a noble manner. Their deeds, however, would forever be overshadowed by the atrocities committed by American soldiers who assaulted a free fire zone in the town of My Lai, a town that was primarily occupied by civilian women and children. The soldiers that went to Vietnam were normal, everyday young adults. Some were volunteers and some were conscripted, but none were murderers before they went to Vietnam. Even under the conditions of war, they did not easily crack or lose their humanity, yet, for some reason they snapped under pressure and followed orders that resulted in the death of many innocent civilians. Were they entirely guilty for their actions or were their actions justifiable under the conditions of war? Did the directives of their superiors absolve them of guilt? Was the stress they were under a driving force behind their decisions? Or had the military’s policy of dehumanizing the enemy play the vital role in their decisions? Most of all, would these factors absolve them of guilt? In order to understand the culpability of guilt, one needs to clearly understand what actually occurred in the village of My Lai on the day of the incident. March 16th, 1968: A company of the 23rd Infantry Division commanded by Lt. William Calley slaughters 347 unarmed civilians (including a dozen babies as young as one month of age) at the hamlet of Song My (My Lai 4) in Vietnam’s southern zone. Although Calley’s superiors observe the massacre from helicopters and its true nature known to higher ups, it is falsely cast as an intense firefight in which 128 â€Å"enemy soldiers† were killed. Only when a former soldier forces the incident into public view a year later is an extremely limited official investigation initiated. (Churchill 141) Needless to say, this description hardly sounds as if there is a lack of guilt on the part of the soldiers. This description of the incident also points the finger at the higher ups in the military and places blame on those who were knowledgeable about the incident, as they not only did nothing to punish those who took part in the incident, but so  casually ignored the massacre, that it would appear that such an incident may not have been entirely out of the ordinary. What is it that would lead the soldiers to launch such a massive offensive against the civilians? What reduced the moral qualms about taking such violent action against noncombatants? Part of the reason is a issue that is endemic to all military conflicts. Throughout the history of warfare throughout the world, there needs to be a certain instillation of a psychological attitude into a soldier in order to make the soldier acceptable to taking part in such wide-scale slaughter. This psychological instillation involves the dehumanization of the enemy in the eyes of the soldier. That is, the enemy is never portrayed as a human being. Rather, the enemy is always presented in a derogatory manner so as to appear less than human. After all, it is much easier to kill someone who is not seen as â€Å"someone†, but rather seen as â€Å"something†. In Vietnam, the soldiers were generally referred to under the derogatory term as â€Å"gook†. (Davis) As such, they are not presented as a real person, but rather as an object of a subhuman animal. For years, this was considered necessary or the troops may have not taken full action when in a combat situation. However, such derogatory attitudes also remove a great deal of the moral qualms that soldiers may have during situations where moral qualms might be necessary in order to make the judgment calls that would be required in a situation that needs restraint. Further complicating the matter is the fact that as the Vietnam War dragged on, many of the members of the military were drafted. They were not â€Å"real† soldiers so they were far more prone to cracking under the pressure of the highly brutal Vietnam conflict. It was an ugly war and many â€Å"average† people off the street were rushed through boot-camp and then off to the jungles of Southeast Asia. Such inexperience and reservations to combat combined with an out of control war have all the elements for mental breakdowns and psychological behavior. â€Å"A complete lack of understanding of the terrain and the culture of the people who inhabited contributed to the chaos.†Ã‚   (Windrow 55) This, of course, leads to the very important question, â€Å"Does this absolve the individuals who committed the atrocities of guilt?† Under the letter of the law, the answer is absolutely not. The random slaughter of civilians is not justifiable under any circumstances. There simple is no â€Å"good excuse† or a deliberate act of genocide. This guilt, however, does not mean that one should not examine the reasons behind the creation of the environment that lead to the deliberate massacre. Military and international law (drawing from precedents derived from the Nuremberg trials) clearly states that â€Å"following orders† is not an acceptable defense for a war crime. Much of the problems with the war in Vietnam were directly related to the American populace’s total misunderstanding of Vietnam and its history. Vietnam had fought several centuries long war of independence with the Chinese. It also fought a hundred years war with French colonialists and also occupying Japanese forces. The country’s goals were to free itself from foreign rule. While the United States saw itself as liberating the nation from communism, the general population simply wanted self determination. While the communist regimes that ended up controlling Vietnam were as brutal, if not worse, than the foreign occupying forces, at the time, the â€Å"hearts and minds† of the people were not with the American forces so the war quickly became a situation that was not winnable for the US troops. As such, the war trudged on without any clear  goal or end in sight. Only two viable options existed to end US involvement: withdraw and surrender; or drop an atomic bomb of Hanoi. The third option, perpetual aerial and ground war, simply dragged on forever costing an incalculable number of lives on both sides. This aerial assault also included large amounts of napalm bombs that made the landscape of war even more vicious. (Franklin)   From this, the entire landscape of the Vietnam War was one of mayhem that led to unspeakable acts on both sides. Ultimately, however, no one truly faced punishment from the massacre at My Lai. Lt. Calley saw a mere 3  ½ years of house arrest before President Nixon pardoned him. The deaths of those civilians have never been justly punished. So, was there ever a lesson that comes from these deaths? There were many lessons that were learned from the Vietnam War, particularly lessons derived from the horror of the My Lai massacre. If anything, the My Lai massacre shows what will result from the evils of dehumanizing the enemy and not instilling a sense of clear moral guidelines in soldiers so they understand the difference between an act of war and an act of genocide. Clearly, the military brass and the officials in the government must realize that they are culpable for such actions and must be held accountable to the public. The United States never truly recovered from the disaster of the Vietnam War as its specter hangs over the military to this very day. Perhaps, it is haunted by the ghosts of My Lai. Works Cited The American Experience. Vietnam: A Television History. PBS DVD. 1983. Churchill, Ward. On The Justice of Roosting Chickens. Oakland: AK Press, 2004. Davis, Peter. Hearts and Minds. Criterion Collection DVD. 1974 Franklin, H. Bruce. Vietnam and other American Fantasies. Boston: University of Massachusetts Press, 2000. Morrison, Wilbur H. The Elephant the Tiger: The Full Story of the Vietnam War. New York: Hippocrene, 1990. Windrow, Martin. The Last Valley. Cambridge: De Capo Press, 2005.       How to cite My Lai – Culpability of Guilt, Essay examples

Business of Travel and Tourism for Destination - myassignmenthelp

Question: In tourism, individuals have an opportunity to experience that which is different and to live, momentarily at least, extraordinary lives. Do you agree? Why / why not? Answer: Introduction In this paper, various different models that are proposed according to the view of researchers in support of the statement that in tourism the individuals have an opportunity to experience that which is different and to live, momentarily at least, extraordinary lives is being discussed. The phenomenological analysis of the holiday processes of tourism and the principal outcome along with experiencing and also experiences are put forth. The structure that is proposed in the literature will create new opportunities for consolidating the context. In addition to this, to the managers and the researchers it is a chance for improving the outcomes for both the destinations and tourist. As per Becker, the guidance provided by research of leisure and recreation holiday tourism will be having the chance of becoming the diverse field of study which will be promoting the benefits that are associated with the subjective experiencing and the self-development since for globalizing the economies holidays are turned out to be the universal need (Becker, 2016). Hence, tourism will become an attractive tool for achieving the holiday outcomes that are desired as it will lead to the extraordinary living conditions when combined with holidays (Buhalis Foerste, 2015). During the holiday time, the equilibrium can be regained by working people, refocus and even restore their complete state of being on the planet, by fortifying their own improvement with the relaxation exercises (Baker, 2014). Therefore occasion tourism is thought to be an unprecedented circumstance as it gives the snapshot of uncommon lives alleviation from the ordinary life and furthermore it is set apart by such a sort of life, to the point that is far from home and work and proceeded by the adaptable pay. A large portion of the commentators contend that uniqueness is lacked by holiday tourism, which is required as the distinct subject or study. Such kind of arguments by Dickinson et al has to be considered seriously since the powerful prototypes of turmoil and the theory of complexity will be highlighting the relationship that exists in the world phenomena instead of reflecting the coexisting realities clearly as it was promoted by Cartesian thinking (Dickinson et al., 2014). Be that as it may, in fact the tourism images are implanted in the regular day to day existences of the general population were for the greater part of the person's vacation tourism is separate as it will bear the cost of the acce ssibility of the significant measure of leisure time for them amid which they can unwind for encountering the world as they are satisfied for. Experiencing The literature on tourism is rich in describing the views regarding the experiences as the outcomes from this will be focusing majorly on the observable behavior along with the satisfaction of experiencing extraordinary lives and motivations. In contrast to this, firstly the tourism experience model will be seeking in understanding the experiencing process itself as the originator of the experiences. This is significant while taking into account, on the one hand, the role of tourist, their rights, and desires for satisfying their experiences and on the other hand the exclusive nature of the destinations that are yet to be associated (Mason, 2015). However, when it is closely examined the understanding towards the experiences is frequently immersed in supply models that are clumsy, which implies the theories of behavioristic stimulus response and are not aware of the subject of experiencing. With a specific end goal to help them and others, the visitor encountering is characterized by TEM as the conflux of what is seen exotically, how it is overseen, and how it is safeguarded in the subsequent experience whereby the self in its change, development, and being is engaged with the experience (Standing, Tang-Taye and Boyer, 2014). By portraying the procedures that are interrelated through which the learning is procured, changed, and adjusted by a person as a component of their decisive being on the planet where we can comprehend the structure of the traveler and perceive their goal. Experiencing authentic exploration Existential tourists, according to (Veijola et al., 2014) are the individuals who have the belief that they would have an extraordinary life and experience happy and meaningful lives elsewhere. The desire of existential tourist is to go native and hence they would be in search of relocating some of the time it can be on a permanent basis to varied places. When compared with other experiential modes of Veijolas that have been described previously, it is the mode full of fantasies and desires along with an association of cultures that are romantic and nostalgic. While it is challenging, by experimental tourist to a certain point that in the existential mode of experience the self is either discovered or renegotiated where the previously indescribable, secretive, unachievable and sublime are interpreted gradually (Veijola et al., 2014). In their relationship, the control and assurance are gained by the individual one over the other. In such case the extraordinary situation becomes routine. While for some of the tourists, for instance, the flamenco experience in Seville at the work of Matteucci might be a simple liminal experience by which the experiences such as self-enriching and ecstatic have been felt which is an extraordinary live situation while a few others had self-transformations deeper which gave rise to new life trajectories. By this, the alternative lifestyles have been adopted or new careers are taken in which central role is occupied by flamenco. Whereas unity is strived by rediscover as a movement by focusing on the activities where the existentialist will be turning more and more outwards for investigating the new environments. When the tourist is back home to the routine life memories gained by him through the tourism as an extraordinary life will become the subject of rediscovery or it might be the subject of new discoveries were that is assumed by them from varied different angles (Xiang, Magnini Fesenmaier, 2015). Locating the research of tourism in experiential space In this area, the commonsense utilization of the tourism display has been exhibited and the cases of the tourism writing have been sorted into the accompanying four methods of encountering. In light of the elaboration, these modes have been seen in the smoothness of remarkable life here the deliberate qualities are demonstrated by the modes however, which recognizes happens and the impacts on the self-are related. Presently here these suspicions have been put for testing to give the diagram and are searching for the gatherings and even individual occasions of writing so as to perceive how precisely they fit into the model. The procedure is thus known as the methodology of interpretation. It is stipulated by (Dickinson et al., 2014) for the insight to take place there is a need for a relationship or a group of relationships. In other way, it can be stated that in the world perceiving body or mind is situated in such a way that both body and world are not separable. Therefore, to consciousness and activity an additional dimension is considered to be the destination of tourist itself since the mental and physical space turns into the interpersonal space (Buhalis Foerste, 2015) whenever the tourist interacts and engages with it. In contrast to the models that have been described previously on tourists in this interrelationship, it can be accounted with the physical and socio-cultural environment. Further, the type of agency that is assumed by the destination is revealed in this interaction. The research instances that are cited will be including the serious leisure perspective of Stebbins and Ciksentmihalyis flow, which is more likely to be based on a consciousness that is self-reflective and activities that are self-directed including collective personalities that are experienced in families and communities (Buhalis Foerste, 2015). In this discourse, it is likewise called attention to that a self-feeling is shown which is some way or another outside the personality driven feeling of self as it seems to identify with the vulnerable body as depicted by (Buhalis and Foerste, 2015). Therefore, experiencing will be related to the type of authentic self of exploratory activity which is clear by having an extraordinary life experience of self-change that is ongoing. Conclusion The opportunity that is promised by the holiday tourism in choosing one of the optimal environments for extraordinary life experience is the place in which the individual chooses to be the way they are striving for. The literature that is discussed and has chosen the methodology of interpretation by using the fundamental of the experiencing to the models framework and has given a practical review, especially regarding the emotional contrasts that has been suggested between the modes of experiencing. Therefore, by making use of different tourism models proposed by various different researchers it has been noticed that at least momentarily an extraordinary life is experienced by people in their tourism, holiday since they can experience the life in a different angle which will keep them away from the routine day work and home. For example, in services of tourism, it has been noticed to change the objective of the functionalities related to the experience and the features of outcome as per the needs of tourists (Uriely, 2005). Reference Becker, E., 2016. Overbooked: the exploding business of travel and tourism. Simon and Schuster. Buhalis, D. and Foerste, M., 2015. SoCoMo marketing for travel and tourism: Empowering co-creation of value. Journal of destination marketing management, 4(3), pp.151-161. Baker, D.M.A., 2014. The effects of terrorism on the travel and tourism industry. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 2(1), p.9. Dickinson, J.E., Ghali, K., Cherrett, T., Speed, C., Davies, N. and Norgate, S., 2014. Tourism and the smartphone app: Capabilities, emerging practice and scope in the travel domain. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(1), pp.84-101 Mason, P., 2015. Tourism impacts, planning and management. Routledge. Standing, C., Tang-Taye, J.P. and Boyer, M., 2014. The impact of the Internet in travel and tourism: A research review 20012010. Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing, 31(1), pp.82-113 Veijola, S., Molz, J.G., Pyyhtinen, O., Hockert, E., Grit, A., Molz, J.G. and Hckert, E., 2014. Disruptive tourism and its untidy guests: Alternative ontologies for future hospitalities. Springer. Xiang, Z., Magnini, V.P. and Fesenmaier, D.R., 2015. Information technology and consumer behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 22, pp.244-249.