Exporting and the Export Contract Translation Into Vietnamese free essay sample

The main explanation is that the agreement contains and covers all the terms which the two gatherings have gone to the understanding. This implies any outer report must be explicitly consolidated into the agreement. Moreover, This is to forestall any vagueness about the status of any previous understandings or understandings. The two gatherings will just base on the agreement to play out their commitments. The last point is to forestall any contradictions and debate arsing from the distinction between the past drafts and the agreement with the goal that the agreement can be quickly executed for both parties’ sakes ? An agreement typically incorporates wording the accompanying components: †¢An whole understanding articulation: an announcement in the agreement that the gatherings concur that the details of the agreement between them are to be found inside the content of the agreement archive and no place else. All whole understanding provisions incorporate this component †¢An prohibition of risk for deception: most whole understanding conditions incorporate at least one of the accompanying: An affirmation by the gatherings that they have not depended on any portrayal which isn't set out in the agreement; An announcement barring obligation for distortion

Technology Assessment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Innovation Assessment - Research Paper Example To adjust IT or IM with the hierarchical technique in a human services is would call for deciding the destinations of the administration and to set the goals of the mechanical framework to push forward toward that path. In any human services unit, for the most part the undertaking for sorting out the necessary innovation of the unit is held under the Chief Information Officer (CIO). This individual is given the obligation to build up a total comprehension of the diverse clinical data frameworks, its administrative and the revealing prerequisites just as the utilization of this data in the key arranging procedure and choice help. The CIO must go to all gatherings and must have close relationship with the kindred clinicians, the bookkeepers, and complete staff unit and in particular with the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the concerned human services association. The CIO needs to comprehend the administration structure in the association in an appropriate way which must be better tha n some other representative as in light of the fact that he would be considered liable for the concerned plans, its usage and the supportability of IM/IT frameworks. As has been found in numerous reports both the clinicians and the end clients for the most part need more just as quicker data. This has plainly become the most testing and squeezing requirement for the cutting edge medicinal services innovation. A couple of years back the normal life expectancy of an individual used to be around 45 years old. As time passed by and more noteworthy upgrades were made in innovation, particularly in IT, there has been numerous enhancements in improving the nature of medicinal services. As said by Mr. Thomas Goetz, the official editorial manager of Wired and the writer of the new book, â€Å"The Decision Tree: Taking Control of Your Health in the New Era of Personalized Medicine† (Lohr, 2010) the potential transformation saw in general wellbeing would be a result of enhancements in computerized

What Is Impression Management Children And Young People Essay

What Is Impression Management Children And Young People Essay In this part, we will talk about the verifiable foundation of impression the board, trailed by the definition and extent of impression the executives. There are various representations that used to portray individuals that utilization impression the board strategies. As indicated by Shakespeares As You Like It : All the world is a phase, and all the people only players , he looks at the world to a phase and life to a play, actually implies that our life is only a dramatization as it were. In any case, Shakespeare just deciphered it as a dramatic similarity yet not a humanism hypothesis. The term was first adjusted into human science from the theater by Erving Goffman, who grew a large portion of the related wording and thoughts in his 1959 book, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.â Thus, the showy similarity was being changed into dramaturgy, a technique for breaking down social collaboration as though the members were performing on a phase. Dramaturgyâ is aâ sociologicalâ perspective beginning fromâ symbolic interactionism , and usually utilized in microsociologicalâ accounts of social communication in regular day to day existence. Erving Goffman (1922-1982), ostensibly the most unique American scholar of the second 50% of the twentieth century, the allegory of life as theater is wealthy in significance. He considered all to be connection as, here and there, particularly like a stupendous play. He was not, in any case, as worried about clearing speculations about the human condition as he is considerably more worried about the points of interest of every day life-the small scale level associations between people that, when taken together, comprise the human experience. At this smaller scale level, he contends, the world is significantly more like a phase than we normally figure it out. Goffman expressed that it is difficult to talk about people groups selves disconnected from their social circumstances. He composes, This self itself doesn't get from its holder, however from the entire scene of his activity. . . this self is a result of a scene that falls off, and not a reason for it. Oneself, at that point, as a performed character, isn't a natural thing that has explicit area. . . [the individual and his body] simply give the peg on which something of communitarian production will be hung for a period. What's more, the methods for creating and keeping up selves don't live inside the peg. (Goffman, 1959, pp. 252-253) In this manner, the key unit of social investigation isn't the individual but instead as the group ,which is liable for the making of view of reality in social set-tings. A people groups activity is continually relying on the circumstance and the individuals, yet we couldn't generally watch or even discover the more profound heart of an individual. While Goffman (1959) applied dramaturgy as an apparatus for smooth communications, the hypothesis at that point changes into a more application structures. Some social therapists like Edward Jones marked dramaturgy as filling increasingly explicit needs for impression the executives. Impression the executives is fairly an applied human science hypothesis that accentuation on the vital, for example, picking up power and impacting others. During the 1970s, the impression the board point of view turned out to be exceptionally famous among research center arranged trial social analysts and in the mid 1980s, progressively hierarchical investigations developed to utilize the impression the executives structure. Most observational investigations on impression the executives focus on the situational or individual factors that impact a specific impression the executives conduct or strategies that influence results like advancements, execution examination appraisals, and vocation achievement. What is impression the executives ? Impression the executives is characterized as the procedure by which individuals endeavor to impact the pictures that others have of them (Rosenfeld, Giacalone Riordan, 1995). As per humanist Erving Goffman, people resemble on-screen characters, which act before everybody (crowd) to draw in their attentions.They utilize their encounters as a script,to manage day by day exercises. Normally a content contains of essential data that individuals put away in their psyche like the people in question, the circumstances and the significance of a scene. Without a script,the circumstance may become chaos,and the on-screen characters behavious may get tumultuous as well.When individuals take part in social intereactions, it is known as exhibitions. The presentation comprises of a blend of verbal and non verbal practices, affected by on-screen characters cooperation intentions. In the following section, we will examine increasingly about impression the executives conduct. Impression the board practices In this chapter,we will talk about various sorts of impression the board that exist,followed by Jones and Pittmans (1982) impression the board scientific classification. As per Leary and Kowalski( 1990) there are two kinds of impression the board behaviours:verbal impression the executives conduct and non verbal impression the board behaviour.Non verbal conduct contains articulations like grin, yawns, and so forth that can mirror the sentiment of the on-screen characters without the utilization of words. While for verbal impression the board behaviour,it is characterized as something contrary to non verbal conduct since it includes the activity of the entertainers to impact the others. Verbal impression the board can isolate into 2 classifications, decisive impression the executives and guarded impression the executives.. Decisive impression the board is a strategy that to uncover a positive picture on the other. It likewise further partition into 2 sub-classifications, that is other-centered (ensuring that the objective like himself) and self-centered (intend to himself to make it appears that he has a potential expertise and gangs a decent characteristics on others). For guarded impression the board, it is for the most part used to fix or ensure ones picture. Jones and Pittman Taxonomy E.E Jones was the main humanist who examine the social conduct. He accepted that the Ingratiation has the biggest capacity to impact others so as to build their engaging quality of themselves. Jones and Pittman later built up another 4 classes of self-introduction systems that will chiefly participate in our every day life so as to impact the others. There are: Intimidation, Self-advancement, Exemplification and Supplication. Ingratiation The most widely recognized and most considered impression the executives strategy is ingratiation. It is otherwise called fascination the board . As per Jones, ingratiation is where the ingratiator discover what the crowd finds appealing in an individual and afterward give it to them. It is generally utilized by everybody in our day by day activities.People take part in ingratiation to upgrade their own real force in a relationship. Ingratiation can be a fruitful method of affecting others on the off chance that it is utilized astutely. Terrorizing Individuals who take part in terrorizing attempt to increase social force by being dreaded. The intimidator attempt to persuade his objective that he is hazardous. Thusly, he will pick up regard from his objectives. Terrorizing is destined to happen in working field, family, school and so on. Self-advancement Not at all like ingratiation who need to be enjoyed, self advancement center more around being competent.The on-screen character as a rule center more around explicit aptitudes that they have, for example, playing an instrument to draw in others. The self-advertiser needs to persuade others and depict a picture of ability among everyone.The point when utilizing this procedure is generally a quick one, for example, getting conceded into college or finding another line of work. Epitome The ingratiator needs to be preferred, the self advertiser needs to be viewed as equipped, the intimidator needs to be dreaded, and the exemplifier needs to be appreciated and respected.He needs to be viewed as trained and legitimate Usually the exemplifier consistently come ahead of schedule at work or takes work home everyday.They need everybody realizes that they try sincerely and take part in self sacrifice.By doing as such, the others will feel regretful in light of the fact that they are not equivalent to the exemplifier. The objective will by one way or another help the exemplifier by doing likewise at some point or another. Request The last self introduction methodology would be request. It is where somebody abuses their weaknesses.The supplicator will in general look for help or compassion from others. Typically it is utilized by those disabled individuals, who cannot perform every day exercises ordinarily. Request is simply the contrary advancement. In light of day by day real factors, basically examine how addresses, guardians, government officials and artistes participate in impression the board. In this section, we will examine in insights regarding the topic of this task (which is expressed previously). Artistes As we referenced in past sections, everybody take part in impression the executives in their day by day lifes, particularly the artistes.There are three sorts of systems artistes use to deal with their impressions, they are ingratiation, self advancement, and request. The greater part of the artistes use ingratiation strategy to draw in their fans. Artistes do it through make up, wearing provocative garments, costly gems to depict a sound look. This gives a phony picture towards the general population on the appeal of the superstars. For instance, Nicole Kidman won't step out from her home with no make up. Envision if the fans see their objects of worship genuine look with no make up, they may feel shock and baffled, and this may make them bolster another craftsman rather than the first one. That is the reason we generally observe the artistes in substantial make up or delightful garments, yet never observe them in typical looks. Other than ingratiation, artistes likewise utilize self advancement procedure while taking part in impression the executives. Artistes do it by advancing themselves and depict a picture of skill among them. This will show the contrast between the VIPs. They need the crowd to remember them for the abilities, not just their physical appearance. For example, Tom Cruise is one of the most notable male on-screen character

buy custom Colonization of America essay

purchase custom Colonization of America exposition America was colonized during the early time of government by Britain. The procedure of colonization of America started with the investigation exercises, which were led by the European wayfarers. The pilgrims constantly educated their administrations about the assets in America. This urged the Europeans to have a lot of enthusiasm for business and farming exercises in America (Frank, 1998, p. 89). Local Americans were among the early individuals who lived in America. Their populace was truly influenced by wars and scourge infections, which were predominant during the sixteenth century. Movement encouraged the development of different social orders in America. For instance, Afro-Americans rose as a result of bondage (Frank, 1998, p. 90). Native Americans additionally framed a piece of this general public. The appearance of the British colonials in America prompted mistreatment and abuse of the Americans. So as to ensure their advantage, the Americans needed to oppose the British standard through all the potential methods. This prompted the American Revolution, which encouraged the freedom of America. In 1607, the British acquired numerous extreme changes the American culture. They meddled with the American human advancement. Aside from Britain, other European powers such Sweden and France additionally endeavored to acquire settlements in America. The significant point behind colonization was the need to pick up assets from America (Guevara, 2009, p. 231). During the British guideline in the American settlements numerous progressions happened, and they were not for the Americans interests. Subjugation which had started during the old time frame presently turned out to be more awful. The American culture turned out to be progressively separated during the British guideline. This prompted the improvement of disparities, which truly influenced numerous occupants of the American state. These social treacheries arranged the ground for the American Revolution. The American Revolution The unrest began in 1763 when the French and Indian war reached a conclusion. The British government needed the Americans to give the money related assets to keeping up the provinces. The British colonialists employed their capacity by charging high duties regarding their matters. The Americans didn't acknowledge those approaches. Numerous Americans additionally felt that the British principle was illicit since they were not having delegates in the British government (Guevara, 2009, p. 215). They, in this way, challenged the British. Reasons for the American Revolution American Enlightenment This was an entryway bunch that encouraged the spread of thoughts, for example, republicanism and vote based system. These philosophies empowered them to increase political cognizance. Republicanism enlivened numerous individuals, and it was instrumental in propelling the course of the upset (Middlekauff, 2007, p. 107). As indicated by this belief system, the national intrigue should start things out. They were, along these lines, focused on battling for self administration. Religion Religion was critical during the American Revolution since it gave the residents moral support to oppose expansionism. During the Revolution, church pioneers took positions of authority in political associations (Middlekauff, 2007, p. 112). For example, they occupied with panels of correspondence. Some of them even took part in multitudes of opposition. Disputable British Legislation The Americans dismissed the vast majority of the reformatory demonstrations that were sanctioned by the British government. For instance, they sanctioned route acts. Through these demonstrations, the pilgrim government had the option to overwhelm the monetary framework and the Americans truly endured (Brinkley, 2009, p. 304). This made them battle against mistreatment. American Political Opposition Restriction of the British standard was additionally done through journalist boards, which served in different limits in the pilgrim government (Doyle, 2009, p. 76). Individuals from these boards of trustees likewise drove the Americans during the fights. Job of Women Despite the fact that ladies were not a piece of the major political exercises all through the upheaval, they additionally assumed a job in encouraging the transformation. They gave insight by just keeping an eye on the British exercises (Doyle, 2009, p. 90). Ladies additionally gave food and different coordinations to the troopers. Financial Reasons During the pioneer time frame in America, Britain was abundantly engrossed with propelling its economy (Henretta Dmenil, 2007, p. 113). For instance, it was experiencing mechanical insurgency. In such manner, Britain authorized frontier strategies that would support its most extreme abuse of its settlements. The accompanying financial elements, in this manner, somewhat added to the beginning of the American Revolution. The British government thought of various land strategies in America after the finish of the war among it and France. This war went on for a long time, and it was basically brought about by the craving of the two forces to have pioneer assets in the western piece of America. England which developed triumphant after the war added all the land that had been challenged (Brinkley, 2009, p. 230). Not long after the war, Britain began authorizing significant changes in land approaches particularly in its western states. The principle significance of this approach was to encourage British authority over the Western states. In this regard, three different polices additionally rose after the order of the new approach, and they incorporated the accompanying (Frank, 1998, p. 178). The avoidance approach was the first, and it was intended to expel the Americans from the western area. Furthermore, we had the execution of the avoidance strategy. Thirdly, the British set up modalities of financing the rejection program, which was to be accomplished through a progression of tax assessment arrangements (Doyle, 2009, p. 123). For this situation, it was the American residents that should pay for the expense of expelling their partners from the West. Hence, out of line tax assessment was one of the primary financial elements that were liable for the beginning of the upset in America. Despite the fact that the British government could gadget different systems for raising assets, they considered the To be as the most practical wellspring of fund for achievement of the avoidance plan (Henretta Dumenil, 2007, p. 145). This was on the grounds that the British government had caused a lot of cost during the war with France. Additionally, the assessments were moderately high in Britain contrasted with the settlements. The administrators additionally had their electorates in Britain and not in the provinces. With every one of these issues put into thought, the British parliament considered tax collection to be the provinces as the most reasonable method of raising assets for the avoidance program (Guevara, 2009, p. 114). As needs be, numerous tax collection acts were actualized so as to create income for the British armed force in America. The Sugar Act was executed in 1764 and it was intended to decrease levies charged on non British items sourced from West Indies. It was likewise expected to encourage the assortment of those merchandise (Doyle, 2009, p. 321). This demonstration was trailed by the principal Stamp Act, which was executed so as to give pay to the military. Not long after the implementation of this demonstration, the Quartering Act was additionally set up, and it was intended to empower the British armed force to approach social comforts from the Americans. More duties were likewise collected on merchandise that were imported through the requirement of the Townshend Act that was presented in 1767. Notwithstanding these demonstrations, the British government likewise executed the Navigation Acts, which further stressed the economy of the Americans (Middlekauff, 2007, p. 145). The Americans couldn't do a lot to wipe out the British armed force control of the west. Be that as it may, they opposed the new assessments forced on them through a progression of serene techniques. For instance, they would not accepting products that were imported from Britain. This blacklist influenced exchanging exercises to a degree that the British government expelled the vast majority of the charges referenced above (Guevara, 2009, p. 210). Much after the disposal of these assessments, the British despite everything had the inclination that it was critical to keep burdening the Americans. This saw the execution of new expenses following a couple of years. The Americans had no real option except to respond savagely. The brutal monetary strategies prompted a genuine financial decrease among the Americans. In this manner, the financial issues together with different components prompted the episode of the upheaval. Greater part of students of history have concentrated on the progressive heads, in the majority of their examination of the progressive time frame. For example, a large portion of them connect the achievement of the American Revolution to people, for example, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and others(Philip, 1962, p. 556). In spite of the fact that that consideration is justified, it has some way or another given a bogus impression of how the American Revolution was led. As called attention to by history specialists, for example, Breen, unmistakably the possibility of the insurgency developed among the conventional individuals, and not the pioneers. John Adams was correct when he referenced that there was a division among settlements on the best way to move toward picking up freedom. For instance, a few people upheld for serene exchanges for their privileges, while other supported milittary crusades. The neighborhood activity by commissions that spread in different provinces further shows that the upset was passed through a deliberate exertion and not exclusively by the authorities we connect with patriot cause. For sure, the normal people energetically and vivaciously occupied with the patriot cause. This obviously shows standard Americans had the ability to employ political expert in their domain with a feeling of reason. It is likewise worth referencing that by 1774, just barely any Americans could consider freedom. In 1774, George Washington really educated a companion regarding his that power was along term dream for the Americans. Nonetheless, with extraordinary assurance and center the Americans figured out how to oust the British f

Why I Took A Gap Year

Why I Took A Gap Year For most of high school, the US was just a vague blip on the radar of my imagination. My friends and I sometimes imagined what the experience of studying in the US would be like, but we spoke in the offhanded, dreamy tone people usually use to describe things like “winning the lottery” or “running for president”. I had read one of the MIT blogs once, stumbling onto Anna’s post, “Being Qualified for MIT”, but only with distant fascination, fascination because it was such good writing and MIT seemed like such an amazing place, distant because I didn’t seriously think that I could attend a university whose site I had stumbled onto from a friend’s Google search of “World’s Best Universities.” And then one morning, towards the end of the first trimester of high school senior year, I was sitting in the library, studying for a Geography exam when someone ran up to me and said I had a package awaiting me in the secretary’s office. I rarely received packages of any sort, so I was pretty curious. Not being a cat, I ran quickly to the office and seconds later, was tearing off DHL-branded tape from what appeared to be a thick file. The file was from the University of Pennsylvania, and inside I found several brochures, and a letter. The contents of the letter went along the lines of, “You seem like a pretty motivated student; you just might be the kind of student we’re looking for! We encourage you to seriously consider applying to Penn.” It was the first time I had heard of Penn, and my mind hadn’t yet been cultured to the term “Ivy League” or anything of that sort. I knew nothing about the US admissions process, and hadn’t been searching, but the idea that a college thousands of miles away would send me mail of this heartwarming sort was unbelievable. I called my parents and more or less ranted about it. I was given rare access to the internet to find out more about Penn. I checked out the university’s website and Wikipedia page. I found CollegeConfidential links to angst-filled posts covering the spectrum of Penn from its prestige to its exclusivity. I did try to think of why they had contacted me. I had taken the SAT nearly a year ago, but that had been routine process for my high school (which was partly owned by the Turkish Government), and only because a bunch of Turkish universities required the SAT. There had also been the AMC and AIME, which I think may have contained some random clause about sharing scores with universities and scholarship organizations. Regardless of the reason, I was glad some university out there seemed interested in me. Deadline was already fast approaching, so I hastily worked on my Common Application, and sent it to Penn within days of their mail. I also sent in my SAT scores and registered for the SAT Subject Tests. I could barely wait the three months to find out the status of my application. In that time, I joined CollegeConfidential, and began to read more about Penn. I found old admit and reject threads and, for the first time since receiving the package, was daunted. My SAT score from 11th grade had been 2080. It was possibly the reason Penn had contacted me, and I was pretty fine with it. But then there were all these amazing scores…2350…2390…even perfect scores…getting rejected or waitlisted. And CollegeConfidential was full of pages upon pages of these drab stories, rejected applicants whose achievements transcended some exam to cover a host of truly amazing feats. It was my first real introduction to the holistic mechanism of the US admissions process, and it created a whirlpool of uncertainty. Did Penn make a mistake? Did Penn really send me that package? It was all I could do to balance my sanity between the fear precipitated by the high scores on the reject threads, and the glimmer of hope induced by the relatively lower scores on some parts of the admit threads. I went back to my application, and with some clarity of mind I must have gained in the past couple of weeks, cringed at some of my essays. To one of them asking why I wanted to be at Penn, I had started thus: “I am one of several applicants aspiring to become a member of the prestigious UniPenn (!). To begin, I feel like the resources the university has to offer are unparalleled relative to anything I’ve seen before…” Was this enough? Would this be enough? It was a little while before Penn’s decision date when the results for the AMC12   contest were released, and I saw that I had placed at the 99th percentile worldwide, and had qualified to the AIME. I was pretty excited, and after a while, in a realm of elation separate from mere joy at this achievement, I realized that the news could also “boost my chances”. Excitedly, I sent an e-mail to one of the admissions officers that had contacted me some weeks back, informing him of the news. He replied a few days later, saying that it would be considered with the rest of my application. Awesome! March 29th, 2012 was a Thursday. Penn’s decision was hours away. The anxiety, the pure, crazy anxiety permeating the pages of CollegeConfidential was this charged cloud you could feel poking your sides. I was tense; I was crazy. I played the “will they-won’t they” game in my mind. I posted like crazy on CC, asking one of the common “What are my chances” post. Some said I had a decent shot but it was hard to tell. Others said everyone had a low shot. A few were highly cynical of the post itself. All these really just combined to feed the worry. My friends were around me, and they had nothing but positive comments: “You’ll get in; it’s you!” and “They’ll be crazy to reject you!” I didn’t know what to think, but the closer the decisions came, the more encouraging my friends got, and from their words, a real glimmer of hope emerged. You do have a chance, I told myself. Penn encouraged you to apply! A while later, I was somehow standing beside my vice-principal while he logged onto Penn’s website. Drums banged in my chest and throat. Three close friends crowded behind me. I typed in my initials, my hands so shaky it took two tries to get the password right. And text suddenly appeared, text that read: “Dear Vincent, After careful review of your application, we are unfortunately unable to offer you admission into Penn’s class of 2016…” My heart calmed. My body went very still. A friend behind me groaned and flung his books. I rose and said in a falsely nonchalant voice, “Well, I tried.” My friends mumbled words I didn’t really hear. I walked out of the office and sadness overwhelmed me. *** The week following Penn’s rejection was long and slow. I was moody. Classes seemed to trudge. I realized that for the past four months, regardless of my fears regarding the Penn outcome, I had absentmindedly imagined myself as a student there, a Penn Quaker, soaking sun in the quad and screaming cheers in the Franklin Field. It didn’t seem fair. It didn’t seem right. In the weeks that progressed however, what was left of school took over my mind. Writing stories took over my mind. Olympiad classes took over my mind. Penn faded. *** I finally convinced myself that I’d been indulging in wishful thinking by imagining that I could study in the US. I decided to face my local exams and gain admission into an awesome Nigerian university. Admission into a Nigerian university is different and purely quantitative, depending on a combination of three necessary componentsâ€"an exam called WAEC, taken by most West African High school students, a localized examination called JAMB and the concerned university’s own examination (usually called post-JAMB). Due to great restriction on the number of Nigerian universities I could send my JAMB scores to, and a number of post-JAMB conflicts, I only really had one Nigerian university I could apply to, which of course depended on me passing its post-JAMB. So imagine my shock when, at a hotel in Amsterdam for the International Math Olympiad 2012, I decided to check the post-JAMB schedule and saw something quite interesting: the exam was set to take place in about five days. It was the beginning of IMO, and there was clearly no way I’d make it back to Nigeria in time. I spoke to my mom in distress about this, but in the sweet, soothing tone that parents often use, she assured me that I’d be fine. *** Just shortly before graduation, my high school had held an annual Nigerian-Turkish cultural event. Activities bloomed throughout the day, with tasty food on standby for the hungry or tired. My mom came for the event, which was nice since I attended a pretty secluded boarding high school, and rarely got the chance to see her. Towards the end of the day, she made a friend called Mrs. Jimoke. As they chatted about the school, my mom told Mrs. Jimoke about most of the academic things I’d been up to, including taking the SAT. Mrs. Jimoke insisted that I reconsider applying to US universities, and gave my mom the contact information of one of her friendsâ€"Shade Adebayoâ€"who worked in an educational sector of the United States Embassy. So after I missed my post-JAMB and after it became clear that I would have to wait at least a few months before I could apply anywhere else, Shade insisted that I apply to US universities. At first I was reluctant, but I realized that a world of possibilities did exist out there, and even if Penn hadn’t accepted me, I could probably find some other institution that would. Shade, energetically, vehemently, believed so. I consciously avoided considering extremely selective colleges, and did as much research as I could on the others. Since I was so far away, campus tours and admission information sessions were out of the question. I toured CC, read up several college-related books Shade let me borrow from the US Embassy. I went through websites and Wikipedia pages and more detailed places like Unigo. And I came upon UW-Madison. It had a strong engineering program and a campus that seemed to pulse with unique life. As I became more and more entrenched in UW-Madison, reading up its online newspapers, poring over CC threads, I realized an important difference in the way I was attached to UW-Madison and the way I had been attached to Penn. My obsession with Penn had stemmed from both the strange joy of being reached out to and the beauty of the idea that I could be an undergraduate there. I was overwhelmed by the sense of prestige it possessed and some awareness that it had amazing resources I felt I cou ld only find in few other places. I merely had a general sense of what Penn could be for me, a generality that translated into my barely specific essays. But getting to consciously choose to apply to UW-Madison, I did so on the heels of a more developed sense of what the university and its culture were about. I applied for the Spring 2013 term and was accepted. I was speechless with joy when I saw the letter of acceptance. My parents were jubilant. But of course, there was a problem. *** UW-Madison did not offer aid to international students, and my parents would have to pay just a little over forty thousand dollars per year. They assured me that it wouldn’t be a problem, but my mom did wonder if I wanted to apply anywhere else. I was somewhat vehement about my choice of UW-Madison, having grown deeply attached to it, and she assured me that as long as I was sure, it was fine. I spoke to Shade afterward. She told me something my mom had confided in her. My parents were willing to pay forty thousand dollars, but it was really money they didn’t have. They had begun contemplating possible assets they could sell to fork up some of the money, and the only reason they hadn’t divulged this to me had been a result of my endless excitement with the acceptance news. Shade told me that it would be worth it, absolutely worth it, if I could let UW-Madison go in favor of some university, any other university, that wouldn’t cost as much. Later that night, I sat alone in my room and thought of my parents’ willingness to sacrifice that much for my happiness. I thought of how my educational future, once bright and limitless, now seemed and felt infinitely more constrained. I was overwhelmed by weariness and a strange sense of loss. And so I sat on my bed and cried. I cried for a while, and my mom slipped into my room while I lay hunched over, just feeling deflated. She held me really close. She told me things would be alright. She told me that I would end up where I wanted and needed to be, and that she would walk to the ends of the Earth to secure my happiness. I believed her, every word. I held her closer. The next day, I declined UW-Madison’s offer of acceptance. *** And that’s the bulk of it. That’s why I took a gap year. I applied for the fall term to US universities. I meticulously compiled a small list, considering two important personal factorsâ€"cost and culture. Culture in the sense of its people, culture in the sense of energy, culture in the sense of challenge. I had spent most of high school taking extracurricular olympiad classes that pushed me to work late hours at night. I had felt most ingrained in the learning process when I raced with those challenges constantly, and especially with my classmates. I wanted an environment like that. I wanted an atmosphere built on merit and challenge and collaboration, one that could let me push myself, because I understood I could thrive there.   I also needed a place I could afford. I took the SAT for a second time, attaining a score of 2390. I wrote more, feverishly, stories and novellas and ultimately a novel. I spent that year primarily outside of classes, although I did do a few things   like teaching and attempting to burn down the kitchen cook. I grew closer to my family. I grew closer to myself. More clearly than ever, I began understanding what I wanted. Princeton accepted me Early Action. Harvard rejected me. MIT accepted me on Pi Day, and I will never forget ten words that kept sinking into my mind when I saw that letter of acceptance: We think that you and MIT are a great match. I will never forget the sheer look of joy on my parents’ face when they saw the letter of acceptance and the immensely generous financial aid offer that had come with it. I will never forget them enclosing me, the world vanishing, for that moment of intimacy to take over, a moment that told me in no uncertain terms that things were fine. Things were good. *** I’m not really going to talk about CPW or about making the choice of college in this blog post, because that’s not really what it’s about. I’ll tell you what I hope this post is about. It’s about the frightening rollercoaster that the college application is. This process is merely more than just typing up words and hitting a ‘submit’ button. You’re sending away, with each application, a little investment of emotions, and a little bit of life that washes into some machinery and potentially shapes the next four years. Yes, the applications are important, and yes, it’s alright to be invested. If this is about where you will spend a good chunk of your life, I daresay it’s necessary to be invested. But at the same time, you’ll need to distance yourself from the process a bit. Care about it but not to the extent that it intricately wraps itself around your self-worth.   For colleges as deeply selective as MIT, there’s a lot out of your control, and regardless of what that letter you see on Pi Day says, it really won’t matter in the long run. If it’s a yes, congratulations. You’ve been given a great opportunity. MIT deeply believes in you. If it’s a no, that’s fine. It’s not a declaration of your worth; it’s not MIT saying that you don’t belong; it’s not a testament to some kind of skewed outlook your future will take. A long time ago, I did all the wrong things. I worried about the little details and applied without a true sense of what I was applying for. I tried to put greater meaning into “scores” and “stats” than they really held. I was obsessed with “getting in” to the point that it somehow became the center of my daily thoughts. And when r ejection did come, I was stunned and upset. I felt denied of some deserved right, when it was really more privilege than right. Genuinely care about the places you apply to, and if you do find that a certain college has no room for you at this point in time, then I’ll tell you what my mom told me: you will be fine. Penn’s rejection tore me down, but if I’d known then what I know now, not about where I would end up, but about how I can rise above a letter of rejection, I’d have handled it a whole lot better. And I do want you to know. With tenacity of will, the future will shape itself to suit you and your inner strength. Life delights in throwing stumbling blocks. But where wounds may be inflicted, scars heal and strength grows. *** Another thing I hope this post is about: time, people. The people that have been there with you from the get-go, the friends that you made in high school, the parents that have held you close and whispered assurances; they’ve forged themselves into your life before now, and they will for a long, long time. Every step of the way that led to MIT, for every rejection and acceptance and moment of uncertainty, I had friends and family who wiped away my tears when tears came and held me high when joy arrived. Time with the people we love is a truly beautiful gift. Consider the extent of the things they have done and could do, will do, for you, and learn to appreciate them every day. Life is much bigger than what will happen soon, more unpredictable than whatever signs that hang in your mind try to suggest. For now, try not to fret. Keep doing the things you love. Keep writing. Keep playing trombones. Keep making slam-dunks. Keep singing. Keep watching your favorite TV shows. Keep laughing. And keep the people you love close to you. I took a gap year out of necessity. At the time, it felt like the worst thing that could happen. It felt too long and the question of where I would end up seemed very subject to chance. But I kept living. I kept pushing forward. And somehow, I’m here right now, typing from a place that had once felt too large to be a dream. Whatever happens in the next couple of days, you will find that you do have the strength to keep living, that you will be where you need to be, and that you will thrive. Don’t overanalyze the steps leading to that point. Some things you just can’t predict. And even though it may not always feel like it, trust me. You’ll be fine. ***

Type - 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Free Essay Example

The disease I wish to discuss is type- 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This illness affects many, and the development of new cases continue to grow at an alarming rate. Along with the 26 million estimated to be living with T2DM, an astounding 79 million currently live with prediabetes (Moses, Mawby Philips, 2003). These numbers alone serve as indication as to why I wish to address this illness as incredibly important. Without diving too deep into the havoc this disease brings upon those suffering from it, these numbers alone show why prevention of this disease is paramount. Among the list of preventative measures, the two easiest and most achievable for those wishing to prevent the onset of such disease are diet and exercise. While many other factors contribute to the onset of this disease, these two are the biggest and also most correctable factors influencing ones susceptibility to the onset of T2DM. Exercise is the first topic I wish to address. It has be proven time after time that exercise is in fact an important part of preventing the onset of T2DM. One study concludes that with moderate exercise, instances of T2DM was reduced by 58% (Funnell, 2003). And so, the first preventive measure I wish to implement is simple, moderate physical activity. While it is true that little is known about this disease, and for the meantime anyway, not curable, most every study concludes with similar results; moderate physical activity dramatically reduces your risk of developing this disease. Second in the prevention of the onset of T2DM are changes to diet. One study indicates a 31% decrease in the development of the disease when following healthier eating guidelines (Deed et al., 2015). Much more can be found on this topic concluding similar results. As with the previous intervention I had mentioned, beyond what has been drawn from these studies, very little is known about the causes of this disease. It is however worth noting, that while reaching epidemic levels of development, small changes in lifestyle such as healthy eating habits go incredibly far in preventing a disease with such awful consequences. Following suit, I now wish to describe how the two can be used in conjunction with one another to achieve even greater results. The same aforementioned study has found that with a combination of exercise and amendments to diet a 42% reduction in the development of T2DM was achieved. Also found was a 46% reduction in that same group who focused on exercise alone. This indicates that diet and exercise both play an integral role in preventative measures towards preventing T2DM, however suggests that an emphasis be put on exercise directed at weight loss. This same study then goes on to suggest that weight loss of 5kg in all people who are overweight would see a nationwide drop in the prevalence of T2DM nationwide. In conclusion this paper merely sought to reiterate a rather well known fact about a disease which even today, leaves us with many unanswered questions. While a cure has not been found for those already suffering with the disease, it is widely understood and continues to be supported, that diet and exercise play a large part in the prevention of this disease. It serves to acknowledge that while there are many dangers to our health we might encounter, despite being a disease described as reaching epidemic proportions, eating healthy and exercising regularly prove to be successful in lowering the risk of developing this disease dramatically.

The Effects Of Physical, Mechanical, And Electrochemical...

Summary of: â€Å"An experimental study on the effects of physical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties of natural cohesive soils on critical shear stress and erosion rate† This article is about the different soils in manitoba rivers and their erosion rate. The study was done using samples taken near the surface of the river. Samples from northern Manitoba contained brown clay with high amount of clay, silt and also organic content but samples from the Red River in southern Manitoba contained grey clay with high plasticity. â€Å"Therefore, this study can represent behavior of cohesive river bank erodibility in Manitoba over a wide range of soil and sediment properties.† (Kimiaghalam Et Al.) study is trying to measure different erosion rates of soil in manitoba rivers. It was conducted by three scientists. Navid Kimiaghalam works at the University of Manitoba and has a Phd in. Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, and Geomorphology. Shawn P Clark Works at the university of manitoba and has a Phd in Civil Engineering. Habib Ahmari has a Phd in Civil Engineering and Hydrotechnical Engineering. He works at university of Texas Arlington and is a senior lecturer there. These scientists measured different erosion rates in order to learn about the properties that effect erosion. There has been very little study done on this topic so they had to make sure their research was thorough. In order to do so they used 13 different soil samples from 3 different locations.

Analysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness

Heart of Darkness: A Contradictory Metaphorical and Symbolistic Novella by Joseph Conrad Figurative language is the use of words or expressions in a piece of literature that are not mean to be taken literally by the reader. This tool in literature is used to convey a message in an obscure way, many times leaving the true meaning up to interpretation. Examples of figurative language are symbolism and metaphor. However, there are many more methods an author can use to convey a non-literal meaning. Conrad uses figurative language, primarily symbolism and metaphor, in Heart of Darkness to convey deeper messages to his audience. From the beginning of the story, when Marlow sees the river and states that it looks like a winding snake, the†¦show more content†¦Kurtz. Eventually, Marlow finds a deranged Mr. Kurtz in the middle of the jungle where he has slaughtered many of the native people and made his own type of tribe to produce the most ivory possible for the company. Marlow tries to rescue Mr. Kurtz from the jungle but Mr. Kurtz dies before he can do so, uttering the famous last words, â€Å"The horror! The horror!† (Conrad 116). Metaphors show up in various shapes and forms throughout the story and are almost always up to interpretation by the reader. The most obvious metaphor is in the title itself, Heart of Darkness. One interpretation of this title is that Conrad acknowledges Africa as the center of darkness itself because this is where most of the story takes place (Anderson 408). Another interpretation of this could be taking the title as a literal meaning that Mr. Kurtz, or man in general, has a heart that is characterized by darkness and in a dynamic â€Å"psychic state† (Kimmel 206). However, any way that this title is perceived acknowledges that Conrad is conveying something as dark (bad) as opposed to light (good). The dark and light contrast shows Conrad wants the reader to see he sees either Africa, Mr. Kurtz, or man as a whole to be lacking good. At the beginning of the story, the reader se es a metaphor derived from this lightness and darkness idea. When leaving the ship port of London, Marlow sees a dark looming cloudShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1504 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol over others and can be found in both people and objects. In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness the main character and narrator Marlow identifies a force within ivory that conveys a sense power within the enigmatic Mr. Kurtz. The African ivory trade was flourishing in the early 1900’s. Obtaining the precious object transformed some into greedy connoisseurs with endless intentions to get their hands on all of the continents ivory. Conrad shows that the power that is emitted from the ivory falls intoRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s The Heart Of Darkness 1801 Words   |  8 PagesAlly Jones Professor Smith English 1302 November 18, 2014 Female Roles in Joseph Conrad s the Heart of Darkness: In regards to Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, many literature reviews focus on the motifs of Imperialism, the symbolism of darkness and fog, or the aspect of racism in Conrad’s work. During the era which Conrad wrote, England was going through the Victorian Era, which was marked by a shift in views on morality. The term â€Å"Victorian morality† is used today to describe values whichRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness 1713 Words   |  7 PagesMonth: January 2014 Name: Faris Khan Period: 3 Title: Heart of Darkness Author: Joseph Conrad Date started/date completed: 1/19 - 1/28 Pages read: 96/96 (Including the ten page introduction, 106/96) Rating of book (1-10): 9/10 Above you rated this book. Explain in detail why you gave this book that score: Author Joseph Conrad uses a very interesting method of narration in his novel, Heart of Darkness. The novel itself is written in first person, from the perspective of an unnamed sailor aboardRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness 1396 Words   |  6 PagesShelly Pyakurel Ellen Stockstill English 4 DC 27 April 2015 Research Paper Heart of Darkness is a novel by Joseph Conrad that centers on Marlow, a man who goes to the Congo for a job opportunity. He meets a man named Kurtz, who is well known by many. Once he gets to the Congo, he sees colonialism first-hand. He sees that the natives of the country were practically enslaved and forced to work under very harsh conditions. The two major characters of the novel are Marlow and Kurtz. There are many minorRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1552 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowers. Historically, people have been socialized to accept and adhere to these stereotypes. Women have an important role in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. Women are used in this novella reflect an important aspect of culture: sexism. Heart of Darkness was originally published in 1898, a period where women were facing especially harsh discrimination. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness tells the story of Marlow, an experienced sea captain, who is setting out on a mission to rescue Kurtz, an intelligent butRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1555 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough the author Joseph Conrad never met the German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who died more than a century before Conrad’s birth, their distinct philosophies still have numerous points of intersection, suggesting some fundamental truths within the structure of the human reality. Through the novella, Heart of Darkness, Conrad details his perspectives on the faults of man and reality as a whole, with views often coinciding with many of Leibniz’s own, as found in his numerous philosophicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1233 Words   |  5 PagesImperialism has often been described as a light, a method to guide the uncivilized. However in Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad sheds true light on the subjec t. In the novel, Conrad exposes the situation in Congo during the era of Imperialism for the Europeans. Conrad reveals the exploitation of the natives through a tale of Marlow, an introspective sailor, and his nightmarish journey up the Congo River to meet a reputable European trader, Kurtz. As the life of the great Kurtz comes to a close, theRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1250 Words   |  5 Pages Written in 1902, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness follows the character Marlow in his journey up the Congo River to find the mysterious Kurtz, an ivory trader. In the story, Conrad explores the issues of colonialism and imperialism. The Company has enslaved native Congolese to help them mine for ivory and rubber in the area. The Congolese experience brutal working conditions as the company profits off their free labor. Racism is evident throughout the story with Marlow calling the blacks â€Å"savages†Read MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Da rkness963 Words   |  4 Pagespeople. Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, can be criticised through many different lenses. Though Natives are a large part of Conrad’s narrative of European atrocities in the Congo, his treatment of Congolese Natives throughout the book show them to be nothing more than props. Conrad skews Natives language, culture and intelligence to fit Europeans schema for Africa and Africans. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is placed in a colonized Congo. ...despite Heart of Darkness s (Joseph Conrad) obviousRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1080 Words   |  5 Pages1 Kathrine Carrasquillo Dr. David Mulry Engl 2112 Feb 13, 2017 Who is Mr. Kurtz, and what does Conrad use him for? Mr. Kurtz is the main character in Joseph Conrad s English novella, Heart of Darkness. There is no proof that Mr. Kurtz is based on a real person, so it is assumed that he is a made up character. When Mr. Kurtz is first introduced the audience learns that he is a Belgian ivory trader and he was sent to Africa by his employer for work. At first glance, Mr. Kurtz just represents a normal Analysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness Shelly Pyakurel Ellen Stockstill English 4 DC 27 April 2015 Research Paper Heart of Darkness is a novel by Joseph Conrad that centers on Marlow, a man who goes to the Congo for a job opportunity. He meets a man named Kurtz, who is well known by many. Once he gets to the Congo, he sees colonialism first-hand. He sees that the natives of the country were practically enslaved and forced to work under very harsh conditions. The two major characters of the novel are Marlow and Kurtz. There are many minor characters throughout the novel as well. The novel shows readers how black men and women are referred to in such animalistic terms. Not even describing them as humans, but savages. They are not given any names, to the point to that they have no identity. When Marlow speaks about England, he describes it to be a dreary. Dreary indeed as imperialism is brought to light in this novel. â€Å"Ultimately, Marlow becomes complicit in the genocide and the madness in the Congo, choosing to conceal what he has discovered in Africa to protect the naivete of a lady.†(Baker). Joseph Conrad implies that there is really no difference between black and white; that black people are just less advanced than whites. This idea is not really on the same terms with equality or humanistic values, but for that time and day, Conrad had differing views from most people. Most Anglo men and women from that period believed black people to be savages and primitive. The first character to be analyzed in thisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1504 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol over others and can be found in both people and objects. In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness the main character and narrator Marlow identifies a force within ivory that conveys a sense power within the enigmatic Mr. Kurtz. The African ivory trade was flourishing in the early 1900’s. Obtaining the precious object transformed some into greedy connoisseurs with endless intentions to get their hands on all of the continents ivory. Conrad shows that the power that is emitted from the ivory falls intoRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s The Heart Of Darkness 1801 Words   |  8 PagesAlly Jones Professor Smith English 1302 November 18, 2014 Female Roles in Joseph Conrad s the Heart of Darkness: In regards to Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, many literature reviews focus on the motifs of Imperialism, the symbolism of darkness and fog, or the aspect of racism in Conrad’s work. During the era which Conrad wrote, England was going through the Victorian Era, which was marked by a shift in views on morality. The term â€Å"Victorian morality† is used today to describe values whichRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness 1713 Words   |  7 PagesMonth: January 2014 Name: Faris Khan Period: 3 Title: Heart of Darkness Author: Joseph Conrad Date started/date completed: 1/19 - 1/28 Pages read: 96/96 (Including the ten page introduction, 106/96) Rating of book (1-10): 9/10 Above you rated this book. Explain in detail why you gave this book that score: Author Joseph Conrad uses a very interesting method of narration in his novel, Heart of Darkness. The novel itself is written in first person, from the perspective of an unnamed sailor aboardRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1552 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowers. Historically, people have been socialized to accept and adhere to these stereotypes. Women have an important role in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. Women are used in this novella reflect an important aspect of culture: sexism. Heart of Darkness was originally published in 1898, a period where women were facing especially harsh discrimination. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness tells the story of Marlow, an experienced sea captain, who is setting out on a mission to rescue Kurtz, an intelligent butRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1555 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough the author Joseph Conrad never met the German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who died more than a century before Conrad’s birth, their distinct philosophies still have numerous points of intersection, suggesting some fundamental truths within the structure of the human reality. Through the novella, Heart of Darkness, Conrad details his perspectives on the faults of man and reality as a whole, with views often coinciding with many of Leibniz’s own, as found in his numerous philosophicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1233 Words   |  5 PagesImperialism has often been described as a light, a method to guide the uncivilized. However in Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad sheds true light on the subjec t. In the novel, Conrad exposes the situation in Congo during the era of Imperialism for the Europeans. Conrad reveals the exploitation of the natives through a tale of Marlow, an introspective sailor, and his nightmarish journey up the Congo River to meet a reputable European trader, Kurtz. As the life of the great Kurtz comes to a close, theRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1250 Words   |  5 Pages Written in 1902, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness follows the character Marlow in his journey up the Congo River to find the mysterious Kurtz, an ivory trader. In the story, Conrad explores the issues of colonialism and imperialism. The Company has enslaved native Congolese to help them mine for ivory and rubber in the area. The Congolese experience brutal working conditions as the company profits off their free labor. Racism is evident throughout the story with Marlow calling the blacks â€Å"savages†Read MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Da rkness963 Words   |  4 Pagespeople. Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, can be criticised through many different lenses. Though Natives are a large part of Conrad’s narrative of European atrocities in the Congo, his treatment of Congolese Natives throughout the book show them to be nothing more than props. Conrad skews Natives language, culture and intelligence to fit Europeans schema for Africa and Africans. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is placed in a colonized Congo. ...despite Heart of Darkness s (Joseph Conrad) obviousRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1080 Words   |  5 Pages1 Kathrine Carrasquillo Dr. David Mulry Engl 2112 Feb 13, 2017 Who is Mr. Kurtz, and what does Conrad use him for? Mr. Kurtz is the main character in Joseph Conrad s English novella, Heart of Darkness. There is no proof that Mr. Kurtz is based on a real person, so it is assumed that he is a made up character. When Mr. Kurtz is first introduced the audience learns that he is a Belgian ivory trader and he was sent to Africa by his employer for work. At first glance, Mr. Kurtz just represents a normalRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness 2026 Words   |  9 Pages Ryan Li 7/22/17 AP Lit/Comp Summer Reading Heart of Darkness Heart of Darkness is written by Joseph Conrad and published in 1899. It is a novella written in the early modernism literary period. Joseph Conrad was born as Jà ³zef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski on December three 1857 in Berdichev, Ukraine to Polish parents. He was raised and educated in Poland. After his career is the seafarer in the French and British merchant Marines, he wrote short stories which he used his experiences Analysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness Ryan Li 7/22/17 AP Lit/Comp Summer Reading Heart of Darkness Heart of Darkness is written by Joseph Conrad and published in 1899. It is a novella written in the early modernism literary period. Joseph Conrad was born as Jà ³zef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski on December three 1857 in Berdichev, Ukraine to Polish parents. He was raised and educated in Poland. After his career is the seafarer in the French and British merchant Marines, he wrote short stories which he used his experiences in remote places and combined it with an interest in moral conflict and the dark side of human nature. He died on August 3, 1924 in England. Literary modernism was predominantly in England it was popular from c. 1910 to c. 1960. The†¦show more content†¦Marlow was frustrated when he learned that he had to wait until the boat is repaired. Marlow then meets the Company s manager, who informed him that Kurtz is ill. The Manager pretended to be concerned for Kurtz, but Marlow suspected that the Manager wrecked the boat to stop supplies from reaching Kurtz. Marlow also meets the Brickmaker, whose position seems unnecessary because he lacks the material for making bricks. After waiting for three weeks, a group of traders named â€Å"The Eldorado Exploring Expedition† whom are led by the Manager’s uncle arrives. While Marlow is lying on his salvaged boat one night, he overhears the manager and his uncle having a conversation. Marlow concludes that the Manager is worried that Kurtz is trying to steal his position. The uncle told the Manager not to worry and have faith that the jungle will â€Å"do a way† with Kurtz. Marlow’s boat is finally repaired and he and his passengers and crew that consisted of: the Manager, some agents, and a crew of cannibals depart from the Central Station. About fifty miles away from Kurtz’s Inner Station, they find a book titled An Inquiry into some Points of Seamanship, a reed hut, and a woodpile. As the boat crept towards Kurtz, the boat was attacked by a volley of arrows. The Whites fire rifles into the jungle while Marlow navigates the boat. A native helmsman is killed by a spear, and his body is dumped overboard. Kurtz assumes that the natives that attacked the boat haveShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1504 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol over others and can be found in both people and objects. In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness the main character and narrator Marlow identifies a force within ivory that conveys a sense power within the enigmatic Mr. Kurtz. The African ivory trade was flouri shing in the early 1900’s. Obtaining the precious object transformed some into greedy connoisseurs with endless intentions to get their hands on all of the continents ivory. Conrad shows that the power that is emitted from the ivory falls intoRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s The Heart Of Darkness 1801 Words   |  8 PagesAlly Jones Professor Smith English 1302 November 18, 2014 Female Roles in Joseph Conrad s the Heart of Darkness: In regards to Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, many literature reviews focus on the motifs of Imperialism, the symbolism of darkness and fog, or the aspect of racism in Conrad’s work. During the era which Conrad wrote, England was going through the Victorian Era, which was marked by a shift in views on morality. The term â€Å"Victorian morality† is used today to describe values whichRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness 1713 Words   |  7 PagesMonth: January 2014 Name: Faris Khan Period: 3 Title: Heart of Darkness Author: Joseph Conrad Date started/date completed: 1/19 - 1/28 Pages read: 96/96 (Including the ten page introduction, 106/96) Rating of book (1-10): 9/10 Above you rated this book. Explain in detail why you gave this book that score: Author Joseph Conrad uses a very interesting method of narration in his novel, Heart of Darkness. The novel itself is written in first person, from the perspective of an unnamed sailor aboardRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness 1396 Words   |  6 PagesShelly Pyakurel Ellen Stockstill English 4 DC 27 April 2015 Research Paper Heart of Darkness is a novel by Joseph Conrad that centers on Marlow, a man who goes to the Congo for a job opportunity. He meets a man named Kurtz, who is well known by many. Once he gets to the Congo, he sees colonialism first-hand. He sees that the natives of the country were practically enslaved and forced to work under very harsh conditions. The two major characters of the novel are Marlow and Kurtz. There are many minorRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1552 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowers. Historically, people have been socialized to accept and adhere to these stereotypes. Women have an important role in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. Women are used in this novella reflect an important aspect of culture: sexism. Heart of Darkness was originally published in 1898, a period where women were facing especially harsh discrimination. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness tells the story of Marlow, an experienced sea captain, who is setting out on a mission to rescue Kurtz, an intelligent butRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1555 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough the author Joseph Conrad never met the German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who died more than a century before Conrad’s birth, their distinct philosophies still have numerous points of intersection, suggesting some fundamental truths within the structure of the human reality. Through the novella, Heart of Darkness, Conrad details his perspectives on the faults of man and reality as a whole, with views often coinciding with many of Leibniz’s own, as found in his numerous philosophicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1233 Words   |  5 PagesImperialism has often been described as a light, a method to guide the uncivilized. However in Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad sheds true light on the subjec t. In the novel, Conrad exposes the situation in Congo during the era of Imperialism for the Europeans. Conrad reveals the exploitation of the natives through a tale of Marlow, an introspective sailor, and his nightmarish journey up the Congo River to meet a reputable European trader, Kurtz. As the life of the great Kurtz comes to a close, theRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1250 Words   |  5 Pages Written in 1902, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness follows the character Marlow in his journey up the Congo River to find the mysterious Kurtz, an ivory trader. In the story, Conrad explores the issues of colonialism and imperialism. The Company has enslaved native Congolese to help them mine for ivory and rubber in the area. The Congolese experience brutal working conditions as the company profits off their free labor. Racism is evident throughout the story with Marlow calling the blacks â€Å"savages†Read MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Da rkness963 Words   |  4 Pagespeople. Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, can be criticised through many different lenses. Though Natives are a large part of Conrad’s narrative of European atrocities in the Congo, his treatment of Congolese Natives throughout the book show them to be nothing more than props. Conrad skews Natives language, culture and intelligence to fit Europeans schema for Africa and Africans. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is placed in a colonized Congo. ...despite Heart of Darkness s (Joseph Conrad) obviousRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1080 Words   |  5 Pages1 Kathrine Carrasquillo Dr. David Mulry Engl 2112 Feb 13, 2017 Who is Mr. Kurtz, and what does Conrad use him for? Mr. Kurtz is the main character in Joseph Conrad s English novella, Heart of Darkness. There is no proof that Mr. Kurtz is based on a real person, so it is assumed that he is a made up character. When Mr. Kurtz is first introduced the audience learns that he is a Belgian ivory trader and he was sent to Africa by his employer for work. At first glance, Mr. Kurtz just represents a normal

Essay about The Sambia Tribe Coming of Age Rituals

The Sambia Tribe Coming Of Age Ritual Children all over the world experience many different transitions from childhood to adulthood. The Sambia Tribe has a very strange coming of age ritual. This ritual was originated in Papua New Guinea, which is a country in Oceania. This is a ritual for male not female. It begins at the age of seven. There are six stages to this ritual. The ceremony lasts seven days. The first stage is when the boys are removed from their mothers and are put in a men’s cult. In the first stage a crowd of men take the boys in beside a river. A war leader picks out a sharp stick and sticks it deep inside the boy’s nostrils until he bleeds into a stream. Then an older man tells all the boys that they have to copulate†¦show more content†¦He has to place mint leaves in his nostrils and chew on a certain branch while having intercourse so he does not smell her genital odors. After this, he must bathe in mud and bleed his nose each time his wife menstruates. The man becomes upset with his wife because he is upset that he has to nose bleed each time she menstruates because she pollutes him and endangers his life. By this point the boy is now a man that has been isolated from women for 12 years, has practiced homosexual fellatio, and has heard the dangers of vaginal intercourse. His wife then has to be taught to practice fellatio before they attempt vaginal intercourse. She must ingest semen given to her by her husband to later be able to provide from her child while producing breast milk and strong bones. It is Estrada 3 believed that breast milk is transformed semen and therefore it is the men who indirectly nourish the baby. The sixth stage is when he has achieved masculinity by having a child, and preferable two. The man is then not allowed to have intercourse with the new mother and he must stay away from the child until it is breast fed for several years. He does not need to bleed from his nose anymore unless he has another wife. He must keep the male cult a secret he cannot tell anyone not even his wife and if he does he will be castrated and killed. The main thing the men are taughtShow MoreRelatedMasculinity in the Philippines12625 Words   |  51 Pagescopies of articles. Please contact the publisher for any further use of this work at philstudies@admu.edu.ph. http://www.philippinestudies.net Fri June 27 13:30:20 2008 Philippine Commonwealth and Cult of Masculinity Alfred W. McCoy In the imperial age, the military shaped society to suit its peculiar needs. Modem armies are complex, costly institutions that must ramify widely to mobilize the vast human and material resources their operations require. Since the armed forces demand the absolute obedience

Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury Essay - 569 Words

Enjoy: Fahrenheit 451 is a book for a variety of people. The main age of when this book should be read is when a person is above the age of 14 years old. This book is recommended for ages 14 and up because of the content in which the story is told. Also the compression of this book is in depth and important to the making of our future. Ray Bradbury uses strong words that help build up the story. This book is a dystopian book written in the 1950’s and having the book takes place in the 21st century. A recommended for this book is to people who are interested in dystopian novels. Also that the reader can relate the story to real life situation, for some things in the book did come true. Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 is recommended for†¦show more content†¦I like science-fiction and dystopian novels because it allows me understand different views of how the world will be in the future. This dystopian novel allows me to help the future to become a place that is go od and allows me to change the future and protect it into becoming a society in which is dystopian or a utopian novel. I also like the foreshadowing of the book and events that happened in real life. This book was written in the 1950’s and since it was a dystopian novel, it talked about the future. In this book, Bradbury talks about a seashell that people can listen to music with, which lead to the iPod that Steve Jobs created in 2001. Also, in this book an interactive TV was used that was the size of a wall. This interactive TV was foreshadowed and now with the technology advancements, having an interactive TV is now possible. Also in Fahrenheit 451, it said that there was a TV that was a size of a wall in a room. This huge TV that was foreshadowed is now used in sports arenas and other venues. Setting: This story takes place in the future in an unknown city. This book takes place in the future where there are no speed limits. Characters: - Guy Montag Guy Montag is a firefighter and he is the protagonist. He is on a quest to find his purpose in life through books. He is wakes up with a feeling of emptiness in knowledge. He goes out to find out more about books and what they have to offer in life. - MildredShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury719 Words   |  3 PagesThe flash point of paper, or the temperature at which paper will burst in flames, is 451 degrees Fahrenheit. In Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury, the main character, Guy Montag, is a â€Å"fireman† in a futuristic society where he and his coworkers start fires, rather than put them out. Books are banned and burned, along with the owner of the book’s house and sometimes even the owner of the book, upon discovery. Technology has taken over in a sense that social interaction between the average personRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1952 Words   |  8 Pagesis clearly displayed in the plight of Ray Bradbury’s novel about a dystopian American society, Fahrenheit 451, which contains many ideas and bits of content that some people believed should be censored. In fact, one of the reasons that this novel was censored for displaying the dangers of censorship, which is both extr emely ironic, and telling as to where this society is going. Thanks to several distributors and oversensitive parents and teachers, Fahrenheit 451 has been banned in many schools overRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury954 Words   |  4 Pages In Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the author uses allegory (often misinterpreted by readers) to show the dangers of mass media consumption and the decline of reading traditional media. Many readers draw incorrect conclusions (lessons learned) from the book due to how generally the book applies its theme. Government censorship, though an important topic, is not the intended focus of the novel Fahrenheit 451. Finally, Bradbury’s original message of the book shows the beauty of traditional media andRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1592 Words   |  7 PagesWhen writing the introduction to Fahrenheit 451, author Neil Gaiman stated that â€Å"ideas--written ideas--are special. They are the way we transmit our stories and our th oughts from one generation to the next. If we lose them, we lose our shared history†. Gaiman is absolutely correct; especially because what he is saying heavily applies to books. Books are a critical aspect in shaping humanity as a whole, they create and share a network of creative ideas, history, and overall entertainment; to loseRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1661 Words   |  7 Pages1.) In the novel, Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Montag’s view on life reverses. Two characters the influence the main character Guy Montag are the old lady whose house and books were burnt down and Mildred. The old lady was caught preserving books in her home. Firemen including Montag were ordered to burn the books. The old lady refused to leave her books, so she too was burned. She bravely gave an allusion as her last words, â€Å"Play the man,’ she said, ‘Master Ridley.’ Something, somethingRead MoreFahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury818 Words   |  4 PagesFAHRENHEIT 451 BY RAY BRADBURY Important People in Montag’s Life In Partical Fulfillment Of English 2 Ms Irina Abramov By Helen Hernandez November 9, 2012 â€Å"There are worse crimes than burning books. One of them is not reading them† -Ray Bradbury. In the past there were events that affected book writers. People will get together to burn books because they thought it was inappropriate or they were against their literature. Montag is a fireman in a futuristic society who would startRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury918 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Fahrenheit 451,† written by Ray Bradbury, is a futuristic, dystopian novel based upon a society secluded by technology and ignorance. In this future society, books are outlawed and firemen are presented with the task of burning books that are found in people’s homes. Montag, a fireman, finds himself intrigued with the books, and begins to take them home and read them. As the story progresses, Montag learns the truth behind why books are outlawed and flees his city to join the last remnants of age-oldRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury863 Words   |  4 PagesTh e novel, Fahrenheit 451 was written by Ray Bradbury and it took place in the dystopian future. Throughout each novel, we are able to see a major theme, which is censorship. In this essay, I will explain how this theme are explored in the story by using the literary devices. To begin with, in this novel, censorship is not given a straight description, but we can see how the author shows it through many literary elements, such as using the setting, tone and symbolisms even foreshadowing. This novelRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury943 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel Fahrenheit 451, written in 1951 by Ray Bradbury. There are many similarities between the novel and contemporary society, including technology, family lifestyle and censorship. In Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury’s main focus was on technology, such as televisions. Televisions were a big deal back in 1950, individuals were thrilled to get their hands on the new device. When it comes to Mildred, Montag s wife in Fahrenheit 451 novel. Mildred was so obsessed with televisions. She had three differentRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1592 Words   |  7 PagesWhen writing the introduction to Fahrenheit 451, author Neil Gaiman stated that â€Å"ideas--written ideas--are special. They are the way we transmit our stories and our thoughts from one generation to the next. If we lose them, we lose our shared history†. Gaiman is absolutely correct; especially because what he is saying heavily applies to books. Books are a critical aspect in shaping humanity as a whole, they create and share a network of creative ideas, history, and overall entertainment; to lose

Core Value of Coca-Cola Free Essays

Core values and beliefs: Coca-Cola has the most valuable brand name in the world, and as one of the most visible companies worldwide. The culture of it is defined by the seven core values: leadership, the courage to shape a better future; passion, Committed in heart and mind; Leverage collective genius; integrity, be real; collaboration, diversity, as inclusive as our brands; quality, what we do, we do well; and accountability. The central promise is to refresh the world in mind, body, and spirit, and inspire moments of optimism; to create value and make a difference in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Core Value of Coca-Cola or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a global business, our ability to understand, embrace and operate in a multicultural world — both in the marketplace and in the workplace is critical to our sustainability. Their diversity workplace strategy includes programs to attract, retain, and develop diverse talent; provide support systems for groups with diverse backgrounds; and educate all associates so that we master the skills to achieve sustainable growth. Their diversity workplace strategy includes programs to attract, retain, and develop diverse talent; provide support systems for groups with diverse backgrounds; and educate all associates so that we master the skills to achieve sustainable growth. Rules of behavior: The vision serves as the framework guide every aspect of the company business by describing what the employees need to accomplish in order to continue achieving sustainable, quality growth from the following five aspects: people, Be a great place to work where people are inspired to be the best they can be; portfolio, Bring to the world a portfolio of quality beverage brands that anticipate and satisfy people’s desires and needs. Partners: Nurture a winning network of customers and suppliers, together we create mutual, enduring value; planet, be a responsible citizen that makes a difference by helping build and support sustainable communities; profit, Maximize long-term return to shareowners while being mindful of our overall responsibilities; and productivity, Be a highly effective, lean and fast-moving organization. In the world of international trade, products also carry cultural values and many of these products remain as commodities but others emerge as cultural icons. How do certain products take on a special symbolic status and are idealized in a culture? The answer to this question is a rather complex one. It has to do with how cultural artifacts are embedded into the cultural space of the past. Language used: Coca Cola has been sold in more than two hundred countries under their local languages. But the official language of coca cola is English. In the language they have already used in the local language because that’s another marketing strategy to appeal to the local customers. Relationship with employees: Respecting human rights and protecting workplace rights is fundamental to its culture and imperative for a sustainable business. An essential ingredient in every one of the products is profound commitment to human rights and workplace rights. Its human rights statement is guided by the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, the ILO declaration on fundamental principles and rights at work and related international covenants. Every worker has a fundamental right to a safe and healthy workplace. Providing a safe and healthy working environment for all of our people is a core element of our Workplace Rights Policy and fundamental to the success of our business. In recent years, they have more clearly defined what we stand for with respect to human and workplace rights. They have also begun the complex work of ensuring that their entire business system and supply chain align with our policies. They expect their company, their bottling partners and their suppliers to avoid causing, or contributing to, adverse human rights impacts as a result of business actions and to address such impacts when they occur. Important symbols and artifacts: The distinctive symbol is recognized the world over on Coca-Cola adverts, bottles and cans – but it has also undergone a few changes over the last century and a quarter. In the world of international trade, products also carry cultural values and many of these products remain as commodities but others emerge as cultural icons. How do certain products take on a special symbolic status and are idealized in a culture? The answer to this question is a rather complex one. It has to do with how cultural artifacts are embedded into the cultural space of the past. In the world of international trade, products also carry cultural values and many of these products remain as commodities but others emerge as cultural icons. How do certain products take on a special symbolic status and are idealized in a culture? The answer to this question is a rather complex one. It has to do with how cultural artifacts are embedded into the cultural space of the past. Appropriateness and the relevance to organizational history and the culture: As a global business, our ability to understand, embrace and operate in a multicultural world — both in the marketplace and in he workplace is critical to our sustainability. Their diversity workplace strategy includes programs to attract, retain, and develop diverse talent; provide support systems for groups with diverse backgrounds; and educate all associates so that we master the skills to achieve sustainable growth. Our diversity workplace strategy includes programs to attract, retain, and develop diverse talent ; provide support systems for groups with diverse backgrounds; and educate all associates so that we master the skills to achieve sustainable growth. How to cite Core Value of Coca-Cola, Papers

Red Bull Report free essay sample

Red Bull is one of the most famous brands in the drink industry. With an innovative product Red Bull was able to sell millions and millions of cans and to draw profits of dizzy amount. But as often it is not only the product which determinates the success or failure of a company. And of this Red Bull is a very good example. Although nowadays Red Bull has to compete with the biggest drink companies in the world (Coca Cola, PepsiCo), it detains in its segment almost everywhere more than 50% market share. It is true that Red Bull was the first large and international energy drink producer, but for their leadership they did and still do a lot of accurate marketing actions in order to preserve and improve their awareness and image and as consequences their position. Like mentioned the marketing actions of Red Bull were very accurate and coherent themselves. Dietrich Mateschitz, the founder of Red Bull, was spending about two years to create the product and their packaging. He conceived an advertising strategy with basically two slogans (â€Å"Red Bull gives you wings† and â€Å"Red Bull revitalizes body and mind†), which are still in the Red Bull ads nowadays. The message of the ads is always the benefit of the product. This red line has been seen from the beginning until today. Red Bull focused a lot of the functional side of the drink. Also because of that Red Bull is practicing a premium price, they argue that it is easier to believe in an efficiency of a product if it is more expensive than their competitors. A lot of marketing actions of Red Bull wants to show people the different use opportunities of their drink. It should not be only a mixer or a clubbing drink. Therefore Red Bull defined 5 potential users: students, drivers, clubbers, business people and sports people. Red bull was able to get in some way mystic. But why? First of all the category of drink (energy drink) was completely new. Then Red Bull has a clever distribution and a new-market-enter concept. First they are available in â€Å"in† bars, discotheques and stores. They sponsored peers to take Red Bull in the public (confiding in the word-of-mouth) and only in a successive moment Red Bull is available in the discount stores, when a lot of people already know it. They call this concept â€Å"seeding program†, that were able to create a wave of buzz around the drink before and the first time of its apparition. Also the only available packaging (cans of 250 ml without reducing the price if taken in great quantity) contributes to the mystification and success of Red Bull. Red Bull is very active in the event and sponsor marketing, taking a lot of attention if this kind of event or sport (sport sman) fits well together with the message of Red Bull as an energetic drink. So the sports are often extreme sports or related to speed (see Formula 1). All this things were contributing and still contribute to the brand equity. The company has always take care a very lot of their image and awareness. So Red Bull is an example of a good, successful and advised marketing. Do these sources change depending on the market or country? The Red Bull global marketing strategy is to use similar techniques everywhere, without differentiating the product or the brand characteristics depending of different countries or different markets. The Red Bull now-famous package is similar everywhere, characterized by the blue and silver small can (250 ml), which allows the company to give a different idea of drink to consumers. In fact this small can signal that the product is different and stronger than traditional soft drinks. The demonstration of the power and success of this can comes from the Red Bull attempt to commercialize a different package for its product. The company developed a glass brown bottle that had to be sold in places where cans were not allowed; it was introduced in Germany when Red Bull was launched in this country, and the quick demand of the product outpaced supply, so the company was forced to sell glass bottles. As soon as glass brown bottles were commercialized, sales fell off. Dietrich Mateschitz, the company founder, wants Red Bull to be drunk by everyone and everywhere; he wants consumers to drink it whenever they need a lift, whether it is morning, noon or night. This is another point of strength of Red Bull marketing strategy, because the company doesn’t define a specific demographic or psychographic segment as its target market. Red Bull doesn’t want to focus on a narrow consumer target, and this ensured to the company to be able to grow into numerous market segments. Moreover Red Bull’s advertising doesn’t specify any consumption occasions, which further facilitated an elastic positioning. In fact, at the beginning, Red Bull consumers in Austria were dancers, clubbers and ravers who used the drink to stay fresh during late-night parties. This was a very good publicity for the company, because this party-association created a significant buzz around the drink. Red Bull was used primarily as a mixer, a strategy allowed from the company useful to make Red Bull to be present in every kind of place and to be drunk in a lot of contests; in fact Norbert Kraihamer, Red Bull’s Group Marketing and Sales Director, said â€Å"We are not against mixing, but over time we must make sure that the product is regarded as much more than a mixer†. The Red Bull intention has always been to communicate to everyone and in every country same concepts, and to do it the company used animated television spots adopted uniformly across the company’s global market. Said Kraihamer: â€Å"Even in a country where they speak a different language, we send the same message using the cartoon†¦. The power of our marketing mix works†. The mot â€Å"Red Bull gives you wiiings† became a well-known sentence in all over the countries where the drink was sold. Usually the company used a â€Å"pre-marketing† strategy to establish awareness in markets where the product were not yet sold. It consisted in sponsoring events that took place in countries where Red Bull was not available, because like Kraihamer said â€Å" we want to be recognized as the pre-eminent brand, even if we are not there†. Only once Red Bull tried to go over his traditional marketing entry strategy and it was a big mistake. It happened when they were introducing the product into the United Kingdom in 1995. In fact, marketing managers wanted to change the idea of â€Å"stimulating† drink in that one of â€Å"energy† drink. It was a failure. In England consumers were very familiar with sport drinks category, dominated from decades by another brand, Lucozade. Management also changed the word-of-mouth strategy which characterized the awareness of the product until then. All preliminary steps were skipped and Red Bull started to be sold in the largest supermarkets and convenience stores, delaying every kind of buzz that has always been the strength of the brand. The last mistake in which UK management incurred was to introduce a new advertising concept; instead of the usual slogan they used a new one: â€Å"Never underestimate what Red Bull can do for you†, which not really clarify what was the company positioning. What is more, they focused advertising efforts on billboards that were not as effective in communicating product’s benefits as electronic media. After necessary changes, between 1997 and 2001 Red Bull was able to gain the 48% of the energy and sports drink market. Another different, but successful marketing entry strategy was applied during the introdu ction of Red Bull into the US market in 1997. The company used the so-called â€Å"cell† approach, consisting in dividing key markets in the country into targeted geographic segments, rather than attempt a nationwide launch. Even if the entry strategy was different from the usual one, Red Bull didn’t change the sources of brand equity that have always dictated the success of the company by giving to all consumers the same idea of what Red Bull drink was, and which were its benefits like functional product. Red Bull’s Marketing Program Analysis in terms of how it contributes to its brand’s equity. When a new product is launched on a market, first thing to do is to choose brand elem ents, identify points of difference and points of parity. Unless we do that, we can’t start thinking about marketing activities and so on. The reason is very simple. Everything must fit each other. The message that we are sending through our marketing program must reflect the desired perception of our product that we want to fix in consumers’ minds. The truth is that marketing communication is the main source of consumer’s knowledge about the product. There can’t be any misunderstandings or contradictions between this and the brand image. In our opinion, in case of Red Bull’s marketing program, everything was carefully planned. It contributed to build strong brand equity. Everything was important: pre-marketing, sponsorship and way of advertising. First of all, they managed to build one scheme of introducing their energy drink, which they copied in each country. It is how they made the product recognizable in every country in the same way with the same associations across the cultures. It also allowed lowering the costs of expanding, because the product did not need additional adaptation to another country. A very important point of their strategy was to make a buzz over the Red Bull energy drink before launching on a new market. People were talking about this drink, wondering what it is exactly, an atmosphere of excitement was created. This marketing trick was increasing brand’s equity. Firstly, the brand was known before entering the market. Secondly consumers were aware of its benefits and unusual ingredient which was kind of mystery. Of course sometimes the rumors were negative, but still everybody was just waiting to try â€Å"this new thing†. Word-of-mouth communication was the key of their marketing program. Slightly controlled, by for example placing empty cans in clubs and pubs to build an illusion of popularity, it helped to build brand equity based on consumers’ own impressions. As they said: â€Å"we do not market the product, we let the consumer discover it†. Thanks to that, Red Bull users are more convinced of the effect that the drink brings, as it seems to come from them-selves and from peers, not â€Å"from the TV screen†. That kind of media is maybe the oldest one, but the most efficient. It does not mean that they completely resigned from advertisements. In fact, TV commercials are still one of the most efficient ways of influencing consumers as they can reach the biggest spectrum of them and they allows for sight, motion and sound and so they stimulate many human senses. Of course Red Bull had some TV spots, but very simple one. A cartoon always based on the same scenario two people, one advising to another lacking the energy to drink Red Bull and the line: â€Å"Red Bull gives you wiiiings†. It could fit consumer of every age. It allowed the brand not to be classified for only one target group. Although these are young people of 14-19 years old, who are the biggest group of buyers, this openness for people of every age brought by marketing program is the point of difference. Other products of the same category are focusing on specific target group or specific occasion of usage. Red Bull case is different. They wanted to make a product for every occasion. And so advertisements where never specifying the proper time of drinking. They were emphasizing the purpose of using – whenever people are mentally or physically fatigue – these were the only two dimensions characterizing a Red Bull consumer. Thanks to that brand equity increased as it better cover the market. Sampling was a crucial part of the Red Bull marketing program. Energetic people conv incing others to try and drink Red Bull at the right time and at the right place – every aspect of a product trial was carefully planned. Thanks to that brand’s equity increases, because people can try the product just â€Å"in time† to see how it works, to feel benefits and so to spread the good word further to friends. The most important thing that contributed the brand equity was their approach to sponsor sport events. By sponsoring individual athletes or international competitions and events, they were showing brand’s involvement in viewer’s country. This pre-marketing strategy helped to establish awareness of the product and good associations with the brand before entering the market. The whole Red Bull marketing program was well-considered. Marketers have chosen various communication options, which shared common meaning but simultaneously were complementary, to build strong and unique brand equity. They did just one mistake during launching the product on the UK market as they thought it differ from another. Fortunately, they realized their mistake very quickly and they took necessary steps to fix the situation. Future Scenarios for Red Bull How to maintain its momentum? How to develop its extension? What would its marketing strategy be? Red Bull, in spite of its premium marketing strategy, will figure lots of new challenges in the future. Even if there have been some mistakes in the direction’s choices, as the launch in the UK or the attempt to commercialize the tea â€Å"Carpe diem†, it’s clear that they have invented not only a new category of food: â€Å"Functional†, but also a very good way to enter in people’s mind, focusing on each costumer. However, there is a question: how to keep this little empire on the top? Now, more than ever, it is important to focus on its core product, as had happened in the first years. The reason for this is simple: too many big competitors on the market as well as small ones. Consequently to this situation, Red Bull has lost a big market share due to others brands attempting to copy Red bull’s marketing strategies to enter the various segments. Another problem is the major cost they have to support for the different advertising campaigns: more than the 30% of the revenues, in spite of the big competitors like Coca Cola and Pepsi that just spend 9% of them. This is a necessary cost, if Red Bull wants to remain a top brand in its sector. Anyway, as we could see from the results, all attempts to launch new products or to try common marketing strategies have failed or didn’t have much success. A good example of that are the â€Å"Carpe diem† tea and eventually the fast-food chain with the homonymous name. The costumers’ awareness has been build trough the years focusing on every â€Å"cell† they got in; now that all this work has been done, they can’t just adopt big brands strategies. They have to continue to keep the image in people’s mind, the one of their first and so innovative product. In these last years, we’ve seen the scarce answer that the market has given to product as â€Å"Red Bull Light† and above all the â€Å"Red Bull Cola†. This last one, even if it has been presented trough the usual channel used by Red Bull, like the â€Å"Red Bull Teams† out of Universities and Colleges, it had no success. It has been for sure a too big challenge for them. They moved too much from their border this time; it is the reason why in many European Countries the product has not even been launched. It means they’re very scared of the present situation since the big competitors are taking more and more shares of Red Bull’s market. If they want to try to move in new sectors or to create a new product for different segments, they should create other brands. In the present situation they’re giving an image of dispersion, just losing more space without any profit. On the other hand, the evolution of its marketing strategy being a sponsor of extreme and high-speed sports and also the decision to buy a soccer team and to create a F1 team, makes us understand that its basic values are still the same. We can see how it sponsors athletes, who are the best in their ranges, even if their sports are still not so famous, or are not given any particular recognition to. Thanks to that, in the future, Red Bull will have best champions in new, very fashion and extreme sports. To be remembered, the Red Bull project to develop an air team; this requires a lot of money, but gives an enormo us payback in awareness and image. The brand is also very good in creating new events and contests, so to give them a very personal mark. These are the best occasions to strengthen again the relations with its core classes of costumers, like sportsmen and clubbers. At the end, we can say that Red Bull is still doing a really good job thanks to its creativity and fantasy, but it should take care not to get confused and disoriented because of many competitors trying to take its place. Stay focus and remember not to mix new and old challenges. That is the only way to get into the worldwide trade and extension.