Online Media Products and Services

Online Media Products and Services Napster is an online music store that was developed as an online file sharing service. Originally, Napster concentrated on sharing of music files coded in MP3 format. This service was pioneered by Shawn Fanning, and it was aimed at sharing music files among users.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Online Media Products and Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This marked a revolution in the music industry, thereby forming a platform on which online music services are based. It emerged as a powerful promotion tool for various artists and bands including the Dispatch band. Dispatch band is an American independent band that was formed in 1996. Previously, the band had neither experienced formal promotion nor radio play. Through Napster’s peer to peer file sharing services, the band promoted its music to higher levels. As a result, the Dispatch band toured and performed in many cities, which they had never imagined before (Biagi, 2012). The most significant aspect of Napster file sharing services is the active involvement of the audience. In this respect, many users or audiences were actively involved in receiving and sharing information. Napster technology facilitated easy sharing of music files in MP3 format among the users. In regards to Dispatch band, display of their music in Napster enabled the band’s music to reach many audiences. This was attributed to Napster’s interface that was user friendly. This allowed easy downloading of music copies that could have been hard to get. This included old songs, concert songs, and even the recordings that had not been released. In addition, the majority of users enjoyed downloading and trading music at no extra costs. In addition, Napster allowed users to create their music profiles where they could compile their own albums. However, users chose the music on the basis of their values, beliefs, culture, background, experiences , interest, and education. Through this strategy, users could develop their social constraints of reality (Croteau, Hoynes, and Milan, 2012).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the contrary, the influence of the active audience on media can lead to harm. First, it can lead to the users narrowing and limiting themselves to certain dimensions. For example, users may isolate themselves and relate with only those whom they like. Through Napster, users may isolate themselves in sharing music to certain people or groups like the Dispatch band. Secondly, group polarization can be a common occurrence. This takes shape where a group with views attracting much attention tends to absorb even the minority. The Dispatch band’s popularity amongst the majority triggered its influence to the minority (Croteau, Hoynes, and Milan, 2012). As far as isolation of individual users is concerned, online media play a significant role. This can lead to various adverse effects. However, this is not common for all online media companies. As mentioned, the success of the Dispatch band group was attributed to Napster’s online services. This portrays that Napster did not contribute to isolation of users since the Dispatch band music reached many users prompting widespread tours and concerts. This shows that it contributed to bringing togetherness amongst the users. Despite the challenges, Napster ensured diversification of ideologies that promoted social construction. With respect to isolation, online media can overcome this challenge as in the case of the Dispatch band. The Dispatch band had no prior promotion or radio play that could have influenced polarization. Therefore, no dominant position influenced users towards them. Instead, it was at free will because the group was not formally known (Biagi, 2012). References Biagi, S. (2012). Media/impact: A n introduction to mass media. Australia: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Croteau, D., Hoynes, W., Milan, S. (2012). Media/Society: Industries, Images, and Audiences (4th Ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Online Media Products and Services specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Battle of Chantilly - Civil War Battle of Chantilly

Battle of Chantilly - Civil War Battle of Chantilly Battle of Chantilly - Conflict Date: The Battle of Chantilly was fought September 1, 1862, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Armies Commanders Union Major General Philip KearnyMajor General Isaac Stevensapprox. 6,000 Confederate Major General Thomas Stonewall JacksonMajor General J.E.B. Stuartapprox. 15,000 Battle of Chantilly - Background: Defeated at the Second Battle of Manassas, Major General John Popes Army of Virginia retreated east and re-concentrated around Centreville, VA. Weary from the fighting, General Robert E. Lee did not immediately pursue the retreating Federals. This pause allowed Pope to be reinforced by troops arriving from Major General George B. McClellans failed Peninsula Campaign. Despite possessing fresh troops, Popes nerve was failing and he decided to continue falling back towards the Washington defenses. This movement was soon checked by Union General-in-Chief Henry Halleck who ordered him to attack Lee. As a result of pressure from Halleck, Pope issued orders for an advance against Lees position at Manassas on August 31. That same day, Lee directed Major General Thomas Stonewall Jackson to take his Left Wing, Army of Northern Virginia in a flanking march to the northeast with the goal of circling Popes army and cutting off its line of retreat by capturing the vital crossroads of Jermantown, VA. Moving out, Jacksons men marched up Gum Springs Road before turning east on Little River Turnpike and camping for the night at Pleasant Valley. For much of the night, Pope was unaware that his flank was in peril (Map). Battle of Chantilly - The Union Response: During the night, Pope learned that Major General J.E.B. Stuarts Confederate cavalry had shelled the Jermantown crossroads. While this report was initially dismissed a subsequent one detailing a large mass of infantry on the turnpike elicited a response. Realizing the danger, Pope cancelled the attack on Lee and began shifting men to ensure that his line of retreat to Washington was protected. Among these moves was ordering Major General Joseph Hooker to reinforce Jermantown. On the road since 7:00 AM, Jackson halted at Ox Hill, near Chantilly, upon learning of Hookers presence. Still unsure of Jacksons intentions, Pope dispatched Brigadier General Isaac Stevens division (IX Corps) north to establish a defensive line across Little River Turnpike, approximately two miles west of Jermantown. On the road by 1:00 PM, it was soon followed by Major General Jesse Renos division (IX Corps). Around 4:00 PM, Jackson was alerted to the approach of Union forces from the south. To counter this, he ordered Major General A.P. Hill to take two brigades to investigate. Holding his men in trees along the northern edge of the Reid Farm, he pushed skirmishers across the field to the south. Battle of Chantilly - Battle is Joined: Arriving south of the farm, Stevens also sent skirmishers forward driving back the Confederates. As Stevens division arrived on the scene, Jackson began deploying additional troops to the east. Forming his division to attack, Stevens was soon joined by Reno who brought up Colonel Edward Ferreros brigade. Ill, Reno assigned Ferreros men to cover the Union right but left tactical control of the fighting to Stevens, who sent an aide to seek additional men. As Stevens prepared to advance, what had been a steady rain increased to a heavy downpour damaging cartridges on both sides. Pushing across open terrain and a cornfield, the Union troops found the going hard as the rain turned the ground into mud. Engaging Confederate forces, Stevens sought to press his attack. Taking the colors of the 79th New York State Infantry, he led his men forward into the woods. Mounting a fence, he was struck in the head and killed. Surging into the woods, the Union troops began a furious fight with the enemy. With Stevens death, command devolved to Colonel Benjamin Christ. After nearly an hour of fighting, the Union forces began to run low on ammunition. With two regiments shattered, Christ ordered his men to fall back across the fields. As they did so, Union reinforcements began to reach the field. Stevens aide had encountered Major General Philip Kearny who began rushing his division to the scene. Arriving around 5:15 PM with Brigadier General David Birneys brigade, Kearny began preparing for an assault on the Confederate position. Consulting with Reno, he received assurances that the remnants of Stevens division would support the attack. Taking advantage of the lull in the fighting, Jackson adjusted his lines to meet the threat and moved fresh troops forward. Advancing, Birney quickly realized that his right was not being supported. While he requested Colonel Orlando Poes brigade to come up to support him, Kearny began seeking immediate aid. Racing across the field, he ordered the 21st Massachusetts from Ferreros brigade to Birneys right. Annoyed by the regiments slow advance, Kearny rode forward to scout the cornfield himself. In doing so, he ventured too close to the enemy lines and was killed. After Kearnys death, the fighting continued until 6:30 PM with little result. With darkness setting in and little usable ammunition, both sides broke off the action. Aftermath of the Battle of Chantilly: Having failed in his goal to cut off Popes army, Jackson began falling back from Ox Hill around 11:00 that night leaving the Union forces in control of the field. Union troops departed around 2:30 AM on September 2 with orders to rejoin the retreat towards Washington. In the fighting at Chantilly, Union forces suffered around 1,300 casualties, including both Stevens and Kearny, while Confederate losses numbered around 800. The Battle of Chantilly effectively concluded the Northern Virginia Campaign. With Pope no longer a threat, Lee turned west to begin his invasion of Maryland which would culminate over two weeks later at the Battle of Antietam. Selected Sources CWPT: Battle of ChantillyHistory of War: Battle of Chantilly CWSAC: Battle of Chantilly